6th grade Materials and Processes That Shape A Planet
The ROCK Cycle The Rock Cycle is a group of changes. Igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock or into metamorphic rock. Sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock. Metamorphic rock can change into igneous or sedimentary rock.
. Soil is an important natural (1) _______________________ . It is made from (2) _______________________ up pieces of(3) _______________________ and dead leaves, tree limbs, and dead bugs. Weather helps make soil.(4) _______________________ get bigger when the weather is hot. They get smaller when the weather is cold. This process can make rocks break into smaller pieces. When they get small enough, they (5) _______________________ into soil.(6) _______________________ and ice also help break rock into smaller pieces. Soil has different(7) _______________________ . The layers are named O, A, B, and C. The O layer is the top layer. It is where the dead leaves and bugs (8) _______________________ down. The A layer has roots, worms, and other very small living things. The B layer is very hard. Not much (9) _______________________ in the B layer. The C layer is the (10) _______________________ (11) _______________________ . Even fewer (12) _______________________ (13) _______________________ live down here. Soil(14) _______________________ water. This water is used by plants. Soil also has minerals for plants. (15) _______________________ dig into the soil to collect minerals and water. They also keep soil in (16) _______________________ . It can take one thousand years to(17) _______________________ one (18) _______________________ of (19) _______________________ ! Farmers protect soil from erosion. They plant trees or other plants to keep it in place. Soil is very important.
Complete each sentence.
_______________
27.
Soil is formed through the (weathering, luster, earthquakes) of rocks and decay of plants and animals.
_______________
28.
Her diamond ring had a shimmering (metamorphic rocks, volcanic eruptions, luster) .
_______________
29.
The three most common agents of (hardness, erosion, luster) are water, wind, and glaciers.
_______________
30.
(Volcanic eruptions, Physical properties, EROSION) BREAKS DOWN THE EARTH.
_______________
31.
The residents received a dire warning from the meteorologist about the possibility of multiple (minerals, tornadoes, earthquakes) .
_______________
32.
The Painted Desert has many colors caused by a wide variety of (luster, streak, minerals) .
_______________
33.
A rock's (minerals, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes) and structure are changed as it becomes a metamorphic rock.
_______________
34.
The ocean causes (tornadoes, weathering, force) at the cliff edge.
_______________
35.
The Tectonic plates move slowly causing (minerals, earthquakes, weathering) and other changes.
_______________
36.
Big (tornadoes, gravity, flooding) destroy everything in their path.
_______________
37.
After washing his red Corvette, Antonio admired its (hurricanes, luster, rock slides) in the sunshine.
_______________
38.
You could see the (erosion, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions) on the rocks found near the bay.
Standard 2.0 Earth/Space Science
Topic A. Materials and Processes That Shape A Planet
Indicator 2.Cite and describe the processes that cause rapid or slow changes in Earth's surface.
Objective a.Identify and describe events such as tornadoes, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and flooding which change surface features rapidly.
Selected Response Item
In 1933, a hurricane came ashore at Ocean City, Maryland.
A hurricane negatively affects a coastline by
causing erosion
causing earthquakes
increasing food production
increasing the growth of grasses
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this activity into your journal and complete it from the reading above
Topic A. Materials and Processes That Shape A Planet
Indicator 3.Explain how rock is formed from combinations of different minerals and that smaller rocks come from the breakage and weathering of bedrock (solid rock underlying soil components) and larger rocks; soil is made partly from weathered rock, partly from plant remains-and also contains many living organisms.
Objective b.Identify and compare the properties of rocks that are composed of a single mineral with those of other rocks made of several minerals using their physical properties.
Selected Response Item
Use the information below to answer the following.
A teacher gave students four rock samples. The students listed their observations about each rock sample in the data table below.
OBSERVATIONS OF ROCK SAMPLES
Rock 1
Rock 2
Rock 3
Rock 4
Hardness
Not easily scratched
Not easily scratched
Easily scratched
Easily scratched
Edges
Sharp, rough edges
Smooth, round edges
Sharp, rough edges
Smooth, round edges
Color
Solid black color
Different colored particles
Clear and white particles
Solid gray color
Fossil Evidence
No fossils
No fossils
Leaf fossils
Shell fossils
Which of these rock features best indicates that Rock 2 is made of different minerals?
Igneous rock forms when magma cools and makes crystals. Magma is a hot liquid made of melted minerals. The minerals can form crystals when they cool. Igneous rock can form underground, where the magma cools slowly. Or, igneous rock can form above ground, where the magma cools quickly.
When it pours out on Earth's surface, magma is called lava. Yes, the same liquid rock matter that you see coming out of volcanoes.
On Earth's surface, wind and water can break rock into pieces. They can also carry rock pieces to another place. Usually, the rock pieces, called sediments, drop from the wind or water to make a layer. The layer can be buried under other layers of sediments. After a long time the sediments can be cemented together to make sedimentary rock. In this way, igneous rock can become sedimentary rock.
ROCKS
.
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this graphic organizer into your journal and complete it from the reading above
All rock can be heated. But where does the heat come from? Inside Earth there is heat from pressure (push your hands together very hard and feel the heat). There is heat from friction (rub your hands together and feel the heat). There is also heat from radioactive decay (the process that gives us nuclear power plants that make electricity).
So, what does the heat do to the rock? It bakes the rock.
Baked rock does not melt, but it does change. It forms crystals. If it has crystals already, it forms larger crystals. Because this rock changes, it is called metamorphic. Remember that a caterpillar changes to become a butterfly. That change is called metamorphosis. Metamorphosis can occur in rock when they are heated to 300 to 700 degrees Celsius.
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this graphic organizer into your journal and complete it from the reading above
When Earth's tectonic plates move around, they produce heat. When they collide, they build mountains and metamorphose (met-ah-MORE-foes) the rock.
The rock cycle continues. Mountains made of metamorphic rocks can be broken up and washed away by streams. New sediments from these mountains can make new sedimentary rock.
The rock cycle never stops.
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this graphic organizer into your journal and complete it from the reading above
The Rock Cycle Diagram
A useful way to illustrate how the three main types of rock are related to one another and how changes to rocks happen in a recurring sequence is the rock cycle. It can be presented in a diagram like the one below.
The concept of the rock cycle is attributed to James Hutton (1726—1797), the 18th-century founder of modern geology. The main idea is that rocks are continually changing from one type to another and back again, as forces inside the earth bring them closer to the surface (where they are weathered, eroded, and compacted) and forces on the earth sink them back down (where they are heated, pressed, and melted). So the elements that make up rocks are never created or destroyed — instead, they are constantly being recycled. The rock cycle helps us to see that the earth is like a giant rock recycling machine!
Explore the diagram by rolling your mouse over the names of the rock types and clicking on the images.
Assignment=Please explain in your journal what the "rock cycle" is and how it works.
Types of Rocks
Rocks are not all the same!
The three main types, or classes, of rock are sedimentary, metamorphic, andigneous and the differences among them have to do with how they are formed.
Sedimentary Sedimentary rocks are formed from particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of material. Together, all these particles are called sediment. Gradually, the sediment accumulates in layers and over a long period of time hardens into rock. Generally, sedimentary rock is fairly soft and may break apart or crumble easily. You can often see sand, pebbles, or stones in the rock, and it is usually the only type that contains fossils.
Examples of this rock type include conglomerate and limestone.
Metamorphic Metamorphic rocks are formed under the surface of the earth from the metamorphosis (change) that occurs due to intense heat and pressure (squeezing). The rocks that result from these processes often have ribbonlike layers and may have shiny crystals, formed by minerals growing slowly over time, on their surface.
Examples of this rock type include gneiss and marble.
Igneous Igneous rocks are formed when magma (molten rock deep within the earth) cools and hardens. Sometimes the magma cools inside the earth, and other times it erupts onto the surface from volcanoes (in this case, it is called lava). When lava cools very quickly, no crystals form and the rock looks shiny and glasslike. Sometimes gas bubbles are trapped in the rock during the cooling process, leaving tiny holes and spaces in the rock.
Examples of this rock type include basalt and obsidian.
Write Definitions Related to Rocks and Minerals Directions=Copy into your journal - For each word, write what part of speech the word is, write its definition, and use it in a sentence.
Here's a chart of some of the key characteristics that can help you identify the rocks within these three main classes.
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this graphic organizer into your journal and complete it from the reading above
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this graphic organizer into your journal and complete it from the reading above
Complete each sentence.
_______________
1.
Nine (minerals, Hurricanes, erosion) were predicted for the coming season.
_______________
2.
Farmers changed the way they planted wheat to prevent (sedimentary rocks, erosion, streak) of their land.
_______________
3.
Many (hardness, tornadoes, hurricanes) form in Kansas and Oklahoma.
_______________
4.
When soil and rocks are moved from one place to another, it is called (rock slides, erosion, force) .
_______________
5.
(Hurricanes, Erosion, Streak) formed the Grand Canyon.
_______________
6.
(Luster, Erosion, Weathering) and erosion are part of the rock cycle.
_______________
7.
The minerals with the greatest (hurricanes, flooding, hardness) is diamond.
_______________
8.
The house was severely damaged by the (volcanic eruptions, tornadoes, igneous rocks) .
_______________
9.
The mineral had a (physical properties, streak, rock slides) that was yellow.
_______________
10.
(Gravity, Earthquakes, Tornadoes) occur on fault lines.
_______________
11.
(Physical properties, Tornadoes, Sedimentary rocks) occur when warm air and cold air collide.
_______________
12.
(Flooding, Gravity, Minerals) are found in alot of things we use everyday like salt for our food.
_______________
13.
The wind and water caused much (metamorphic rocks, weathering, erosion) of the land.
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this activity into your journal and complete it there.
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this graphic organizer into your journal and complete it from the reading above
Crystals
Small, flat surfaces that are shiny or sparkly, like tiny mirrors.
Fossils
Imprints of leaves, shells, insects, or other items in the rock.
Gas bubbles
"Holes," like Swiss cheese, in the rock.
Glassy surface
A shiny and smooth surface, like colored glass.
Ribbonlike layers
Straight or wavy stripes of different colors in the rock.
Sand or pebbles
Individual stones, pebbles, or sand grains visible in the rock.
Complete each sentence.
_______________
14.
He used the (physical properties, weathering, streak) test to help identify the mineral.
_______________
15.
The color of a mineral in powdered form is the (gravity, streak, igneous rocks) .
_______________
16.
The movement of Earth's plates can cause (erosion, force, earthquakes) , volcanoes, and other activities.
_______________
17.
Forecasters try to foretell how many (rock slides, minerals, hurricanes) we will have each year.
_______________
18.
(Hurricanes, Physical properties, Volcanic eruptions) can devastate land and people by wrecking buildings and flooding cities.
_______________
19.
Mohs created the (streak, hardness, erosion) scale to help identify minerals.
_______________
20.
We cracked open the geode and found the beautiful (metamorphic rocks, minerals, igneous rocks) inside.
_______________
21.
(Streak, weathering, Force) a process that causes rocks to gradually break or crumble into smaller pieces.
_______________
22.
(Hardness, Igneous rocks, Erosion) is what makes canyons.
_______________
23.
The (earthquakes, flooding, igneous rocks) also made volcanoes erupt all over the world.
_______________
24.
The process of (sedimentary rocks, weathering, igneous rocks) breaks down rock at or near the earth's surface into smaller and smaller pieces.
_______________
25.
The stone had a bright (force, tornadoes, luster) .
Dinosaur History in Sedimentary Rock
When bits of rock and sand are pressed together for millions of years they become a type of rock
called sedimentary (sed-i-ment-ary) rock. Fossils of animals and plants from dinosaur times are found
in sedimentary rocks. We learn about them through these fossils.
There are many different types of fossils. One is called “petrification (pet-ri-fi-cation). This happens after millions of years, when mineral (rocks) replace the original plants and make a rock copy of the animal or plant. Another type of fossil happens when the original animal and plant disappear and their shapes stay in the rock, this is called a “mold”. Finally, animal footprint fossils are called “trace fossils” .
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this graphic organizer into your journal and complete it from the reading above
FOSSILS
Fossils are the remains of a living thing from long ago. They are made when plants or
animals are buried in dirt and pieces of rock (sediment).
Fossils can be imprints of a plant or animal in rock. It can also be the tracks of animals
that hardened in the mud before the mud hardened into rock over millions of years.
Fossils are usually found in sedimentary rock.
Assignment=Please explain in your journal what a "fossil" is.
FOSSILS
BCR Assessment 6th grade (answer in sentences in your journal)
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this activity into your journal and complete it from the reading above
POST TEST - Two Kinds of Weathering
1.
What is weathering? Rain, snow, sun, and storms The breaking down of Earth's solid surface Changes in temperature because of weather Changes on Earth have been the same throughout time
2.
What are two kinds of weathering?
3.
Which kind of weathering may produce rust? Mechanical weathering Chemical weathering
4.
What is the principle of uniformity?
5.
Weathering ______. Wears down mountains Makes caves Breaks down rocks into smaller rocks All of the above
6.
Which of these is not a force that causes mechanical weathering? Wind Ice Rain The sun
Rocks And Minerals: Matching
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this activity into your journal and complete it from the reading above
_____
rock
1) melted rock beneath the earth's surface
_____
lava
2) example of sedimentary rock
_____
magma
3) example of igneous rock
_____
basalt
4) example of metamorphic rock
_____
sediments
5) melted rock above the earth's surface
_____
slate
6) a solid material made up of minerals
_____
limestone
7) rocks that form under pressure and heat within the earth
_____
igneous
8) causes sediments to stick together
_____
sedimentary
9) a rock that forms when melted rock cools and hardens
_____
metamorphic
10) tiny pieces of rock
_____
compaction
11) rocks that form from sediments
_____
cementation
12) presses sediments together
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this activity into your journal and complete it from the reading above
Materials and Processes That Shape A Planet - 6th Grade
Objectives and Indicators for this Unit
2.6.A. Materials and Processes That Shape A Planet
2. Cite evidence to demonstrate and explain that physical weathering and chemical weathering cause changes to
Earth materials.
a. Identify examples of physical weathering, such as the effect of wind, ice, etc. and describe the changes caused in each.
b. Describe the changes in materials caused by each of the chemical weathering processes listed:
▪Rusting/tarnishing ▪Dissolving by acid rain
c. Compare physical and chemical weathering and provide examples of changes caused in Earth materials or features by each of these processes.
4. Differentiate among sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks based upon the processes by which they are formed.
a. Identify and describe the processes that form sedimentary rock.
▪Deposition ▪Compaction ▪Cementation
b. Identify and describe the processes that form igneous rocks
▪Volcanic eruptions▪Igneous intrusions
c. Identify and describe the processes that form metamorphic rocks.
▪High temperature▪Pressure
d. Cite features that can be used as evidence to distinguish among the three types of rocks and relate these features to the processes that form each rock type.
e. Describe the processes that change one form of rock into another (rock cycle).
Vocabulary words to look up and put in journal
Weathering
Physical Weathering
Chemical Weathering
Tarnishing
Rust
Igneous rock
Extrusive
Intrusive
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Erosion
Deposition
Compaction
Cementation
Sediment
Silica
Temperature
Pressure
Rock Cycle
PRETEST -Two Kinds of Weathering
1.
What is weathering? Changes on Earth have been the same throughout time The breaking down of Earth's solid surface Rain, snow, sun, and storms Changes in temperature because of weather
2.
What are two kinds of weathering?
3.
Which kind of weathering may produce rust? Mechanical weathering Chemical weathering
4.
What is the principle of uniformity?
5.
Weathering ______. Wears down mountains Makes caves Breaks down rocks into smaller rocks All of the above
6.
Which of these is not a force that causes mechanical weathering? Rain Wind Ice The sun
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this activity into your journal and complete it there.
PRE-TEST - Soil
1.
Which of the following does not make soil? Soil plants Dead bugs Pieces of rock Dead leaves
2.
What helps make soil? Weather Trucks People Drills
3.
How many different layers does soil have? Ten Fourteen Four One thousand
4.
How long does it take to make one inch of soil? 10 years 1,000 years One million years 1 year
Two Kinds of Weathering By Cindy Grigg
1 The Earth's surface is always changing. Some of the changes happen fairly fast. Some changes take a very long time. Scientists believe that the processes that changed the surface of the Earth in the past are still the same today. This idea is called the principle of uniformity. They believe that these processes have been the same, or uniform, throughout time. 2 Weathering is one process that changes the Earth's surface. Weathering is the breaking down of the solid part of the Earth's solid surface. Large boulders are broken down into smaller rocks. Rocks are broken down into smaller and smaller pieces until they become part of the soil. Many things can cause this breaking down: wind, water, ice, plants, animals, and chemical changes. Weathering is a slow process. It is also a continuous process. There are two main types of weathering. They are mechanical and chemical weathering.
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this graphic organizer into your journal and complete it from the reading above
3 Mechanical weathering only changes the size of the rock. The rock's chemicals are not changed, and no new substances are created. Chemical weathering is different. It changes the chemical makeup of the rock. New substances are created. For example, rocks with iron in them may rust. Oxygen and iron combine to create a new substance (rust). The rocks may have a rusty-red color on the outside, but when broken, are dark on the inside. ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this graphic organizer into your journal and complete it from the reading above
4Weathering changes the Earth. Rocks are torn apart by forces of wind, water, ice, plants, and animals. Chemical changes take place that break down rocks and create new substances. Large rocks become smaller rocks. Smaller rocks become part of soil. Mountains are worn down. Caves are made in once-solid rock. The Earth's surface is always changing.
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this graphic organizer into your journal and complete it from the reading above
Assignment- Please watch the video below and take between 12-25 notes in your journal.
Two Kinds of Weathering
Directions: Please copy these questions in your journal and then answer them.
1.
What is weathering? The breaking down of Earth's solid surface Rain, snow, sun, and storms Changes on Earth have been the same throughout time Changes in temperature because of weather
2.
What is chemical weathering?
3.
Which kind of result does chemical weathering may produce? rust sand
4.
What is the principle of uniformity?
5.
Weathering ______. Wears down mountains widens rivers Breaks down rocks into smaller rocks All of the above
6.
Which of these is not a force that causes mechanical weathering? acid Wind Rain Ice
VOCABULARY
Assignment=Please copy these questions in your journal and complete each sentence using the words in the word list.
earthquakes
hurricanes
minerals
erosion
weathering
tornadoes
hardness
luster
_______________
31.
The ocean causes ____ at the cliff edge.
_______________
32.
A rock's ____ and structure are changed as it becomes a metamorphic rock.
_______________
33.
Mohs created the ____ scale to help identify minerals.
_______________
34.
____ occur when warm air and cold air collide.
_______________
35.
Nine ____ were predicted for the coming season.
_______________
36.
The process of ____ breaks down rock at or near the earth's surface into smaller and smaller pieces.
_______________
37.
The three most common agents of ____ are water, wind, and glaciers.
_______________
38.
The residents received a dire warning from the meteorologist about the possibility of multiple ____.
_______________
39.
Polishing rocks brings out their ____.
_______________
40.
Soil is formed through the ____ of rocks and decay of plants and animals.
_______________
41.
The Tectonic plates move slowly causing ____ and other changes.
Two Kinds of Weathering
ASSIGNMENT=Describe evidence you have seen of mechanical weathering. What force caused it? (fully explain in your journal)
Two Kinds of Weathering
ASSIGNMENT=Write a story about a large rock that is weathering. What happens to the rock? Where does it end up? How does it get there? (fully explain in your journal)
CLOZE Excersize =Two Kinds of Weathering By Cindy Grigg
created
uniformity
combine
continuous
chemical
iron
cause
past
rusty-red
oxygen
create
mechanical
chemicals
large
substances
apart
throughout
substance
Directions: Please copy this passage in your journal and then Fill in each blank with the word that best completes the reading comprehension. The Earth's surface is always changing. Some of the changes happen fairly fast. Some changes take a very long time. Scientists believe that the processes that changed the surface of the Earth in the (1) _______________________ are still the same today. This idea is called the principle of (2) _______________________ . They believe that these processes have been the same, or uniform, (3) _______________________ time.
Weathering is one process that changes the Earth's surface. Weathering is the breaking down of the solid part of the Earth's solid surface. Large boulders are broken down into smaller rocks. Rocks are broken down into smaller and smaller pieces until they become part of the soil. Many things can (4) _______________________ this breaking down: wind, water, ice, plants, animals, and chemical changes. Weathering is a slow process. It is also a (5) _______________________ process. There are two main types of weathering. They are mechanical and chemical weathering. (6) _______________________ weathering only changes the size of the rock. The rock's (7) _______________________ are not changed, and no new substances are(8) _______________________ . (9) _______________________ weathering is different. It changes the chemical makeup of the rock. New substances are created. For example, rocks with (10) _______________________ in them may rust. (11) _______________________ and iron (12) _______________________ to create a new(13) _______________________ (rust). The rocks may have a (14) _______________________ color on the outside, but when broken, are dark on the inside.
Weathering changes the Earth. Rocks are torn (15) _______________________ by forces of wind, water, ice, plants, and animals. Chemical changes take place that break down rocks and(16) _______________________ new (17) _______________________ . (18) _______________________ rocks become smaller rocks. Smaller rocks become part of soil. Mountains are worn down. Caves are made in once-solid rock. The Earth's surface is always changing.
Weathering - The Breakup of Rocks By Patti Hutchison
1 Air, water, ice, and gravity. These are nature's agents of weathering. Weathering is the breaking down of rocks on the earth's surface. This process has been going on since the earth was formed. 2 Have you seen pictures of the Grand Canyon? Do you know how it was formed? You guessed it- weathering. The water from the Colorado River carved the canyon through the rock around it. Evidence of weathering is all around us. 3 There are two kinds of weathering. The first is mechanical weathering. A mechanic uses tools to take your car apart. Nature uses tools such as ice and water to take rocks apart. This is also called physical weathering.
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this graphic organizer into your journal and complete it from the reading above
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this activity into your journal and complete it there.
Weathering - The Breakup of Rocks
1.
The breaking down of rocks on the earth's surface is called ______. Oxidation Soil Weathering
2.
Mechanical weathering is also called ______. Oxidation Rust Physical weathering
3.
Mechanical weathering changes what the rock is made of. False True
4.
Explain how water and ice cause mechanical weathering.
5.
What are the two most common causes of chemical weathering?
6.
Oxygen combining with rocks and minerals is called ______. Oxidation Mechanical weathering Erosion
GLACIERS - MECHANICAL?PHYSICAL WEATHERING
GLACIERS
Glaciers are huge ice sheets that slowly move. They not only transport material as they move, but they also sculpt and carve away the land beneath them. The ice totally changes the landscape. The ice erodes the land surface and carries the broken rocks and soil far from their original locations.
Glaciated valleys are probably the most visible landform caused by the movement of glaciers. Like fjords, they are trough-shaped, often with steep vertical cliffs where entire mountainsides were removed by glacial movement. One of the most striking examples of glaciated valleys can be seen in Yosemite National Park, where glaciers literally sheared away mountainsides, creating deep valleys with vertical walls
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this graphic organizer into your journal and complete it from the reading above
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this activity into your journal and complete it there.
Topic E. Interactions of Hydrosphere and Atmosphere
Indicator 1.Cite evidence to explain the relationship between the hydrosphere and atmosphere.
Objective b.Recognize and describe the water cycle as the distribution and circulation of Earth's water through the glaciers, surface water, groundwater, oceans, and atmosphere.
Selected Response Item
Glaciers cover about 10% of the total land area on Earth.
The role of glaciers in the water cycle is to
filter salt water
store fresh water
move liquid water
precipitate solid water
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_scienc
Characteristics of Rocks
Some rocks are harder than others. For example, granite is a very hard rock, but chalk is a very soft rock and wears away easily.
Some rocks, such as sandstone or chalk, let water soak through them. They are called permeable rocks.
Other rocks, such as marble and slate, do not let water soak through them. They are called impermeable rocks.
Slate
Because slate is a hard, impermeable rock, which splits easily into thin sheets, it is ideal for making roofing tiles.
Marble
Marble has an attractive texture and colour and can be cut and polished. Because of this, it is used to make floor tiles and wall tiles. Some statues are made from marble too.
Chalk
Chalk is a rock that is formed from the skeletons of tiny sea animals. It wears away very easily which is why it ideal for making sticks of chalk to write on blackboards.
Granite
Granite is a coarse-grained rock that is hard and impermeable. It is often used to make steps and roads as it is a rock that doesn’t wear away easily.
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this graphic organizer into your journal and complete it from the reading above AND BELOW
Assignment=Please explain in your journal what
impermeable rocks are.
Slate
Because slate is a hard, impermeable rock, which splits easily into thin sheets, it is ideal for making roofing tiles.
Marble
Marble has an attractive texture and colour and can be cut and polished. Because of this, it is used to make floor tiles and wall tiles. Some statues are made from marble too.
Chalk
Chalk is a rock that is formed from the skeletons of tiny sea animals. It wears away very easily which is why it ideal for making sticks of chalk to write on blackboards.
Granite
Granite is a coarse-grained rock that is hard and impermeable. It is often used to make steps and roads as it is a rock that doesn’t wear away easily.
Assignment=Please explain in your journal what
permeable rocks are.
Assignment- Please watch the video below and take between 12-25 notes in your journal.
Assignment- Please watch the video below and take between 12-25 notes in your journal.
Soils
Soils are a mixture of tiny particles of rock, dead plants and animals, air and water.
Different plants grow better in different types of soil.
Sandy soil is pale coloured with lots of small air gaps. Water drains through sandy soil easily so it usually feels quite dry.
Clay soil is an orange or blue-ish sticky soil with very few air gaps. Water does not drain through it easily. When it rains, puddles stay on top of clay soil for a long time.
Chalky soil is a light brown soil. Water drains through it quickly.
Peat is different from other soils because it does not contain any rock particles. It is made from very old decayed plants and is dark, crumbly and rich in nutrients (chemicals plants need to grow
ASSIGNMENT=Please copy this graphi organizer into your journal and complete it from the reading above
Assignment=Check out this Rock Game below and explain what happened in it in your journal.
Soil is an important natural (1) _______________________ . It is made from (2) _______________________ up pieces of(3) _______________________ and dead leaves, tree limbs, and dead bugs. Weather helps make soil.(4) _______________________ get bigger when the weather is hot. They get smaller when the weather is cold. This process can make rocks break into smaller pieces. When they get small enough, they (5) _______________________ into soil.(6) _______________________ and ice also help break rock into smaller pieces. Soil has different(7) _______________________ . The layers are named O, A, B, and C. The O layer is the top layer. It is where the dead leaves and bugs (8) _______________________ down. The A layer has roots, worms, and other very small living things. The B layer is very hard. Not much (9) _______________________ in the B layer. The C layer is the (10) _______________________ (11) _______________________ . Even fewer (12) _______________________ (13) _______________________ live down here. Soil(14) _______________________ water. This water is used by plants. Soil also has minerals for plants. (15) _______________________ dig into the soil to collect minerals and water. They also keep soil in (16) _______________________ . It can take one thousand years to(17) _______________________ one (18) _______________________ of (19) _______________________ ! Farmers protect soil from erosion. They plant trees or other plants to keep it in place. Soil is very important. 
Changes on Earth have been the same throughout time
The breaking down of Earth's solid surface
Rain, snow, sun, and storms
Changes in temperature because of weather
1 Air, water, ice, and gravity. These are nature's agents of weathering. Weathering is the breaking down of rocks on the earth's surface. This process has been going on since the earth was formed.
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