Bradford Science Center: ASTRONOMY

ASTONOMY

http://www.animate4.com/astronomy/astronomy-space.mpg
Objectives and Indicators For This Unit

2.8. D. Astronomy

1. Identify and describe the components of the universe.

a. Recognize that a galaxy contains billions of stars that cannot be distinguished by the unaided eye because of their great distance from Earth, and that there are billions of galaxies.

b. Identify that our solar system is a component of the Milky Way Galaxy.

c. Identify and describe the various types of galaxies

d. Identify and describe the type, size, and scale, of the Milky Way Galaxy.

2. Identify and explain celestial phenomena using the regular and predictable motion of objects in the solar system.

a. Identify and describe the relationships among the period of revolution of a planet, the length of its solar year, and its distance from the sun.

b. Identify and explain the relationship between the rotation of a planet or moon on its axis and the length of the solar day for that celestial object.

c. Identify and explain the cause of the phases of the moon.

d. Describe how lunar and solar eclipses occur.

e. Identify and describe how the shape and location of the orbits of asteroids and comets affect their periods of revolution.

3. Recognize and explain the effects of the tilt of Earth’s axis.

a. Recognize and describe that Earth's axis is tilted about 23º from vertical with respect to the plane of its orbit and points in the same direction during the year.

b. Recognize and describe that as Earth orbits the sun, the tilt of Earth's axis causes

• Changes in the angle of the sun in the sky during the year

• Seasonal differences in the northern and southern latitudes

c. Recognize and describe how the tilt of Earth's axis affects the climate in Maryland.

4. Recognize and explain how the force of gravity causes the tides.

a. Identify and describe the cause of high and low tides.

Vocabulary Words To be looked up and put in your journal

Rotation

Revolution

Orbit

Day

Night

Year

Seasons

Equinox

Solstice

Galaxy

Universe

Solar System

Star

The Hubble Space Telescope
By Cindy Grigg

through	above	also	pass
universe	idea	astronomer	force
apart	clearly	problem	astronomers
death	atmosphere	clear	launched

Directions: Fill in each blank with the word that best completes the reading comprehension.

     Telescopes let us look at the stars and planets. Telescopes on Earth must be located where there are few city lights. The air must be as clean and(1)  _______________________   as possible. Still, waves of light change as they (2)  _______________________   (3)  _______________________   Earth's(4)  _______________________  . This changes the way things look through a telescope on Earth. To solve this (5)  _______________________  , a telescope was launched into space.
     The Hubble Space Telescope was (6)  _______________________   by NASA in 1990. It's a very large telescope! It weighs as much as two elephants. It's as long as a large school bus. It orbits the Earth at about 300 miles per hour, 380 miles (7)  _______________________   the Earth's surface.
     The giant telescope was named for (8)  _______________________   Edwin Hubble. In 1925 Hubble discovered that there were many more galaxies beyond ours. Up until that time, it was thought that our Milky Way Galaxy was the whole universe. Edwin Hubble's work led to the (9)  _______________________   that the(10)  _______________________   is getting bigger. Galaxies are moving farther (11)  _______________________  . This idea led to the Big Bang Theory. It also let scientists guess the age of the universe. They believe the universe is 13 to 14 billion years old.
     The Hubble Space Telescope takes pictures of planets, stars, and other galaxies. With Hubble, astronomers have seen the birth and (12)  _______________________   of stars. Hubble has taken pictures of galaxies that are billions of light years from Earth. Hubble has showed scientists evidence of black holes. It (13)  _______________________   helped to discover dark energy. This strange (14)  _______________________   seems to make the universe expand at a faster rate as time goes on. The Hubble Space Telescope gives (15)  _______________________   eyes in the sky. With Hubble, astronomers can see farther and more(16)  _______________________   than they could see using a telescope on Earth. Who knows what new things may be discovered with the help of the Hubble!

Phases of the Moon
By Patti Hutchison

¹     Was there a full moon last night? Some people believe that a full moon affects people's behavior. Whether that is true or not, the moon does go through phases. What causes the moon to appear differently throughout the month?
²     You know that the moon does not give off its own light. When we see the moon shining at night, we are actually seeing a reflection of the Sun's light. The part of the moon that we see shining (lunar phase) depends on the positions of the sun, moon, and the earth.
³     When the moon is between the earth and the sun, we can't see it. The sunlit side of the moon is facing away from us. The dark side is facing toward us. This phase is called the new moon.
⁴     As the moon moves along its orbit, the amount of reflected light we see increases. This is called waxing. At first, there is a waxing crescent. The moon looks like a fingernail in the sky. We only see a slice of it.
⁵     When it looks like half the moon is lighted, it is called the first quarter. Sounds confusing, doesn't it? The quarter moon doesn't refer to the shape of the moon. It is a point of time in the lunar month. There are four main phases to the lunar cycle. Four parts- four quarters. For each of these four phases, the moon has orbited one quarter of the way around the earth. This is why it is called a quarter moon when it really looks like a half moon.
⁶     As the orbit continues, we begin to see more than half of the lighted side of the moon. This is called a waxing gibbous moon. As the lunar month goes on, the moon continues on its path. It comes to a position where the earth is between it and the sun. This time the sunlit side is facing us. We call it a full moon.
⁷     Once the full moon is reached, we start to see less and less of the sunlit side. It looks like tiny slices are being taken off. This is called waning. When we still see more than half the moon shining, it is called a waning gibbous moon.
⁸     Soon, the moon reaches its third quarter phase. Again, it looks like only half the moon is lighted. We are seeing half the sunlit side. As we begin to see less and less of the sunlit portion, the moon is becoming a waning crescent. Soon it will "disappear" once again and become a new moon.
⁹     There are four lunar phases: new moon, first quarter, full moon, and last quarter. It takes the moon about 29.5 days to complete this cycle. This is called a lunar month. Ancient civilizations set their calendars by the phases of the moon. Many calendars, and even some clocks, keep track of the moon's phases yet today.
Copyright © 2011 edHelper

Name _____________________________

Date ___________________

Phases of the Moon

1.	Why can't we see the moon during the new moon phase?

2.	As the amount of sunlight we see reflected increases, it is called: Waxing Last quarter Waning

3.	Name the four phases of the lunar cycle.

4.	After the full moon, we see less and less of the sunlit side. This is called: Waxing Gibbous Waning

5.	How long is a lunar month?

6.	When the moon looks like a half moon, it is in its: Full moon phase New moon phase First or third quarter phase

Phases of the MoonASSIGNMENT=Please explain in your journal why it is called first or third quarter moon when the moon looks half- lighted. (explain in a short paragraph in your journal)

Name _____________________________

Date ___________________

Phases of the MoonASSIGNMENT=Explain the difference between waxing and waning. (explain in a short paragraph in your journal)

Phases of the Moon
By Patti Hutchison

positions	position	become	throughout
sunlit	gibbous	shape	along
portion	clocks	waxing	appear
behavior	becoming	third	complete
point

Directions: Fill in each blank with the word that best completes the reading comprehension.

     Was there a full moon last night? Some people believe that a full moon affects people's (1)  _______________________  . Whether that is true or not, the moon does go through phases. What causes the moon to (2)  _______________________   differently (3)  _______________________   the month?
     You know that the moon does not give off its own light. When we see the moon shining at night, we are actually seeing a reflection of the Sun's light. The part of the moon that we see shining (lunar phase) depends on the (4)  _______________________   of the sun, moon, and the earth.
     When the moon is between the earth and the sun, we can't see it. The sunlit side of the moon is facing away from us. The dark side is facing toward us. This phase is called the new moon.
     As the moon moves (5)  _______________________   its orbit, the amount of reflected light we see increases. This is called waxing. At first, there is a waxing crescent. The moon looks like a fingernail in the sky. We only see a slice of it.
     When it looks like half the moon is lighted, it is called the first quarter. Sounds confusing, doesn't it? The quarter moon doesn't refer to the (6)  _______________________   of the moon. It is a (7)  _______________________   of time in the lunar month. There are four main phases to the lunar cycle. Four parts- four quarters. For each of these four phases, the moon has orbited one quarter of the way around the earth. This is why it is called a quarter moon when it really looks like a half moon.
     As the orbit continues, we begin to see more than half of the lighted side of the moon. This is called a (8)  _______________________   (9)  _______________________   moon. As the lunar month goes on, the moon continues on its path. It comes to a (10)  _______________________   where the earth is between it and the sun. This time the sunlit side is facing us. We call it a full moon.
     Once the full moon is reached, we start to see less and less of the (11)  _______________________   side. It looks like tiny slices are being taken off. This is called waning. When we still see more than half the moon shining, it is called a waning gibbous moon.
     Soon, the moon reaches its (12)  _______________________   quarter phase. Again, it looks like only half the moon is lighted. We are seeing half the sunlit side. As we begin to see less and less of the sunlit (13)  _______________________  , the moon is (14)  _______________________   a waning crescent. Soon it will "disappear" once again and (15)  _______________________   a new moon.
     There are four lunar phases: new moon, first quarter, full moon, and last quarter. It takes the moon about 29.5 days to (16)  _______________________   this cycle. This is called a lunar month. Ancient civilizations set their calendars by the phases of the moon. Many calendars, and even some (17)  _______________________  , keep track of the moon's phases yet today.

Name _____________________________

Date ___________________

Phases of the Moon

1.	Why can't we see the moon during the new moon phase?

2.	As the amount of sunlight we see reflected increases, it is called: Waxing Last quarter Waning

3.	Name the four phases of the lunar cycle.

4.	After the full moon, we see less and less of the sunlit side. This is called: Gibbous Waning Waxing

5.	How long is a lunar month?

6.	When the moon looks like a half moon, it is in its: First or third quarter phase Full moon phase New moon phase

Eclipses
By Patti Hutchison

¹     The sky begins to grow dark, yet it is noon. The sun appears to have a little bite taken out of it. What is going on? You are experiencing a solar eclipse.
²     The full moon was bright in the night sky. All of a sudden, a corner appears to be carved out of it. A lunar eclipse is about to take place.
³     Both the sun and the moon experience eclipses. An eclipse happens when the light is blocked. There are both partial and total eclipses. What causes these awesome events?
⁴     A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes directly between the sun and the earth. The moon actually blocks our view of the sun. How can this be, when the sun is much larger than the moon? Remember that the sun is much farther away from the earth than the moon is. This causes them to appear to be about the same size as we look at them in the sky.
⁵     As a total solar eclipse takes place, we see less and less of the sun. Soon, the moon totally blocks the disk shape of the sun. We see only the sun's gaseous outer layers. The middle is perfectly black. As the moon continues to move, more of the sun begins to appear. A solar eclipse looks similar to the phases of the moon. But the "phases" happen much quicker!
⁶     Only a small portion of the earth will see the total eclipse. This is because the moon casts a shadow on the earth. This shadow has two regions, the umbra and the penumbra.
⁷     The umbra is the inner portion of the shadow. It does not receive direct sunlight. People who are watching from the umbra see a total solar eclipse. The penumbra does receive some sunlight. This is a wider area. People watching from the penumbra only see a partial eclipse.
⁸     You should never look directly at the sun. The rays can do great damage to your eyes. Therefore, you can't watch an eclipse without special filters for your eyes. There are several ways to watch this awesome event safely, however. There are special glasses you can buy. Sunglasses DO NOT work. You can also make your own pinhole projector or viewer. You can find information about how to protect your eyes from permanent damage online or at the library.
⁹     Solar eclipses, especially total ones, happen very rarely. Lunar eclipses happen a little more often. A lunar eclipse occurs when the moon passes through the earth's shadow. This happens only when there is a full moon. The earth is between the moon and the sun, blocking the reflected light. The moon turns dark.
¹⁰     The shadow of the earth also has an umbra and a penumbra. When the whole moon is inside the earth's umbra, a total eclipse occurs. The moon can still be seen, although it has a reddish color. This is caused by the bending of sunlight by the earth's atmosphere.
¹¹     Eclipses don't happen every month, even though the sun, moon, and earth may be in the right alignment. This is because the orbits pass above or below the perfect positions that would cause an eclipse. The maximum number of eclipses that can be seen in one year is seven. This occurred in 1982, but it won't happen again until 2038!
Copyright © 2011 edHelper

Name _____________________________

Date ___________________

Eclipses

1.	What positions are the sun, moon, and, earth in during a solar eclipse?

2.	Why do the sun and moon appear the same size as we see them from earth? The sun is farther from the earth than the moon is. The moon is farther from the earth than the sun is. They actually are the same size.

3.	It is never safe to watch a solar eclipse with the naked eye. False True

4.	When the moon passes through the earth's shadow, there is: A lunar eclipse A solar eclipse A partial solar eclipse.

5.	An eclipse can happen every month. False True

6.	What causes the moon to appear red when there is a lunar eclipse?

Eclipses
By Patti Hutchison

maximum	totally	direct	atmosphere
sunglasses	penumbra	alignment	eclipses
online	portion	pinhole	receive
gaseous	several	eclipse	umbra

Directions: Fill in each blank with the word that best completes the reading comprehension.

     The sky begins to grow dark, yet it is noon. The sun appears to have a little bite taken out of it. What is going on? You are experiencing a solar(1)  _______________________  .
     The full moon was bright in the night sky. All of a sudden, a corner appears to be carved out of it. A lunar eclipse is about to take place.
     Both the sun and the moon experience (2)  _______________________  . An eclipse happens when the light is blocked. There are both partial and total eclipses. What causes these awesome events?
     A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes directly between the sun and the earth. The moon actually blocks our view of the sun. How can this be, when the sun is much larger than the moon? Remember that the sun is much farther away from the earth than the moon is. This causes them to appear to be about the same size as we look at them in the sky.
     As a total solar eclipse takes place, we see less and less of the sun. Soon, the moon (3)  _______________________   blocks the disk shape of the sun. We see only the sun's (4)  _______________________   outer layers. The middle is perfectly black. As the moon continues to move, more of the sun begins to appear. A solar eclipse looks similar to the phases of the moon. But the "phases" happen much quicker!
     Only a small portion of the earth will see the total eclipse. This is because the moon casts a shadow on the earth. This shadow has two regions, the umbra and the penumbra.
     The umbra is the inner (5)  _______________________   of the shadow. It does not (6)  _______________________   (7)  _______________________   sunlight. People who are watching from the umbra see a total solar eclipse. The (8)  _______________________   does receive some sunlight. This is a wider area. People watching from the penumbra only see a partial eclipse.
     You should never look directly at the sun. The rays can do great damage to your eyes. Therefore, you can't watch an eclipse without special filters for your eyes. There are (9)  _______________________   ways to watch this awesome event safely, however. There are special glasses you can buy. (10)  _______________________   DO NOT work. You can also make your own (11)  _______________________   projector or viewer. You can find information about how to protect your eyes from permanent damage (12)  _______________________   or at the library.
     Solar eclipses, especially total ones, happen very rarely. Lunar eclipses happen a little more often. A lunar eclipse occurs when the moon passes through the earth's shadow. This happens only when there is a full moon. The earth is between the moon and the sun, blocking the reflected light. The moon turns dark.
     The shadow of the earth also has an (13)  _______________________   and a penumbra. When the whole moon is inside the earth's umbra, a total eclipse occurs. The moon can still be seen, although it has a reddish color. This is caused by the bending of sunlight by the earth's (14)  _______________________  .
     Eclipses don't happen every month, even though the sun, moon, and earth may be in the right (15)  _______________________  . This is because the orbits pass above or below the perfect positions that would cause an eclipse. The (16)  _______________________   number of eclipses that can be seen in one year is seven. This occurred in 1982, but it won't happen again until 2038!

Standard 2.0 Earth/Space Science

Topic D. Astronomy

Indicator 1. Recognize that objects of our solar system are interrelated.

Objective c. Identify and describe the general pattern of movement of all objects in our solar system.

Selected Response Item
The solar system containing Earth consists of a sun and planets. Which statement best describes the motion of the planets in our solar system? The planets rotate around the sun. The sun rotates around the planets. The planets revolve around the sun. The sun revolves around the planets. /toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_6_026.xml	Correct Answer: C

Public Release #1 - Selected Response (SR) Item

Science Grade 5 Objective 2.D.1.b

The sun appears to rise in the east and set in the west each day. During the day, the sun is

as planets and stars, are often visible

The data table below contains information about the planets in our solar system.

Which of these changes on Earth would be likely if Earth were farther from the sun?

A. lower temperatures

B. higher temperatures

C. more hours in the day

D. fewer days in the year

Science Toolkit: Grade 5 Objective 2.D.1.b

Content from http://mdk12.org/instruction/curriculum/science/standard2/grade5.html 3

Public Release #2 - Selected Response (SR) Item

Science Grade 5 Objective 2.D.1.b

The data table below compares four characteristics of the inner planets.

Planets

Mercury Venus Earth Mars

Temperature -184°C to 527°C -450°C to 477°C -89°C to 58°C -143°C to 17°C

Mass (kilograms) 3.30 × 102 3 4.87 × 102 4 5.97 × 102 4 6.42 × 102 3

Diameter

(kilometers)

4,854 12,112 12,751 6,788

Distance from sun

(millions of

kilometers)

58 108 150 228

Which of these statements best explains why Earth is the only inner planet that supports

life?

A. The other planets have too much mass.

B. The other planets are too close to the sun.

C. The other planets are either too hot or too cold.

D. The other planets are either too big or too small.

Science Toolkit: Grade 5 Objective 2.D.1.b

Content from http://mdk12.org/instruction/curriculum/science/standard2/grade5.html 4

Characteristic

so bright that other objects in space are rarely visible. At night, other objects in space, such

POST TEST

· How do scientists think the universe began?

· Are all of the galaxies in the universe the same?

· What is the Milky Way Galaxy?

· What is rotation? Revolution?

· Why is the length of year on Earth different from the length of year in other planets?

· Why is the length of day on Earth different from the length of day in other planets?

· Why does it appear to an observer on Earth that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west?

· Why does the shadow of a still object move during the day?

· What causes the regular cycle of different seasons on Earth?

· Why is the length of daylight generally longer during summer and shorter during winter?

· Why does the northern hemisphere experience summer while the southern hemisphere experiences winter from June 21 to September 20 every year?

· Why does the northern hemisphere experience winter while the southern hemisphere experiences summer from December 21 to March 20 every year?

· Why is the length of day equal to the length of night during vernal and autumnal equinox?

· What makes the moon visible when it does not produce light?

· Why does the moon's appearance change throughout the month as observed from Earth? What are phases?

· What causes tides?

List three things that you have learned about the North and South Poles from this lesson. Which one was most interesting for you to learn? Explain why. (In your JOURNAL)

The Reason for the SeasonsSummers are warmer in the northern hemisphere than they are in the southern hemisphere. This is especially interesting because the Earth is actually closer to the sun during the southern hemisphere's summer. Why does the northern hemisphere have warmer summers? Use a map to study the Earth and form a hypothesis. Explain the reasoning behind your hypothesis. Then do research our hypothesis was correct. (In your JOURNAL)

The Reason for the Seasons
By Brandi Waters

however	appears	consider	become
appear	occur	determine	latitude
whether	autumnal	solar	occurs
experience	opposite	astronomy	altitude
longer	altitudes

copy

ASSIGNMENT=Please

The Reason for the Seasons

1.	The ______ of the Earth's axis is responsible for the four seasons. Heating Tilting Orbiting Spinning

2.	In August, ______. It is summer in the southern hemisphere It is winter in the southern hemisphere It is winter at the North Pole All of the above

3.	During the year, the amount of daylight each day changes the most ______. At the equator In the northern hemisphere At the poles In the southern hemisphere

4.	______ and altitude both have a big impact on the temperatures and weather patterns that a location experiences in each of the four seasons.

5.	Places near the equator are usually warm because ______. They always face the sun Most of the sun's energy hits the Earth around the equator Heat move toward the equator as Earth spins They are closer to water

6.	What is the sun's energy made up of?

Name _____________________________

Date ___________________
(Key 1 - Answer ID # 0622993)

Write each word three times.

equinox

certain

solar

consider

rise

rotation

autumnal

reason

longer

during

astronomy

throughout

whether

latitude

opposite

copy into your journal and answer the questions there

Directions: Fill in each blank with the word that best completes the reading comprehension.

     If you are like most people living on Earth, you experience four different seasons throughout the year. What each season means to you depends on where you live. To you, winter might mean building snowmen or going ice skating. It could also mean temperatures around sixty degrees. Spring may mean sunshine and melting snow. It might also mean clouds and thunderstorms. For many, summer begins in the month of June. (1)  _______________________  , in some parts of the world, summer begins in December!
     Why do we have four seasons here on Earth? Why do the four seasons mean different things in different parts of the world? There is more to understanding the seasons than you might think. You need to know about (2)  _______________________   and geography. To really understand the seasons, you have to look at Earth from space. You need to understand how the Earth is arranged in space, how it spins, and how it orbits around the sun. All of these things are important in understanding why Earth has four seasons. If you look at the Earth from space, you will see that it is tilted. Earth's axis is not vertical. The North Pole is not at the top of the Earth. The Earth's axis is tilted approximately 23.5 degrees. This tilt is what creates the four seasons. As the Earth moves around the sun during the year, the direction in which the axis is pointing changes. Sometimes the North Pole is tilted toward the sun. Sometimes it is tilted away from the sun.
     The equator is an imaginary line that divides the Earth into northern and southern hemispheres. Each hemisphere has (3)  _______________________   seasons. When the North Pole is tilted toward the sun, the South Pole is tilted away from the sun. In July, it is summer in the northern hemisphere. In the southern hemisphere, it is winter! Summer and winter happen at the same time! They just happen in different parts of the world.
     As the Earth moves around the sun, it also spins on its axis. Earth's axis is an invisible line that runs through the Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole. The Earth spins on its axis to give us day and night. It takes twenty-four hours for the Earth to make a full rotation. Earth's spinning is what makes the sun (4)  _______________________   to rise and set each day. Even though it (5)  _______________________   to be the sun that is moving each day, it is really the Earth that is moving. As the Earth spins, each place on Earth faces a different direction in space. For part of the day, each place on Earth faces the sun. During the rest of the day, each place faces away from the sun and toward the edge of the (6)  _______________________   system. This part of each day is night. This happens everywhere on Earth, except for the poles. The poles are on the Earth's axis. They do not face a new direction as the Earth spins. This means that the sun does not rise and set each day at the poles. Instead, the sun rises and sets with the seasons. The poles only face different directions in space as the Earth orbits around the sun. At the poles, there is one sunrise and one sunset each year! They (7)  _______________________   at the time of the spring and autumnal equinoxes. An equinox(8)  _______________________   when the Earth's axis neither points toward the sun nor away from it. On an equinox, the poles lie on the border where night changes to day. The sun rises on the spring equinox and shines all summer long. It sets on the (9)  _______________________   equinox during the fall. Winter is like a very long night. There is no sun.
     Summer means warmer weather and longer days in most places on Earth. The amount of daylight in a day varies a lot. It all depends on where you are. Near the equator, the days are about the same length year round. Each day is about twelve hours long. The days last a few minutes (10)  _______________________   during the summer and are a few minutes shorter during the winter. As you move from the equator toward the poles, the days during the summer become longer. The days during the winter (11)  _______________________   shorter. A summer day in Hawaii is about thirteen hours long, while a summer day in Alaska could be twenty hours long! With all of that sunlight, why is it so cold in Alaska?
     The weather near the equator is warm. The weather near the poles is cold. This is because of the way the sun heats the Earth. The sun's energy is made up of light and heat. It moves from the sun to Earth in a direct path. Most of the sun's energy hits the Earth near the equator. The poles only get a small amount of the sun's energy, and never a direct hit. It isn't enough energy to melt the ice and warm the oceans and land, even in the summer. This is why places near the equator are warmer than places near the poles.
     There is one more thing to (12)  _______________________   regarding temperatures and weather patterns on Earth. Two different places on Earth with the same (13)  _______________________   often have very different temperatures and weather patterns. Most often, this is because the two places are at different (14)  _______________________  . Altitude is the distance a place is from sea level. A city near sea level is much warmer than a city in the mountains. (15)  _______________________   can make the difference between (16)  _______________________   a city has a cold, rainy winter or a cold, snowy winter.
     There is a lot to know to understand why the Earth's four seasons happen and why they are so different all over the world. A lot of things work together to (17)  _______________________   how you(18)  _______________________   each season in the place where you live. One thing you can know for certain though: the tilt of the Earth is the reason for the seas

Bradford Science Center

Saturday, March 5, 2011

ASTRONOMY

Astronomy-Universe-Galaxy: Matching

The Moon

The Sun

The planets

Earth, Sun and Moon

Selected Response Item

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_____	universe	1)young hot star

_____	galaxies	2)group of planets orbiting a star

_____	Milky Way	3)name of our galaxy

_____	solar system	4)galaxy with arms coming from the center like pinwheel

_____	yellow	5)middle-aged star-our sun

_____	blue	6)flat round or oval galaxy

_____	red	7)a dying star that explodes

_____	elliptical	8)186

_____	spiral	9)galaxy with no regular shape

_____	irregular	10)groups of stars

_____	supernova	11)old cooler star

_____	light year	12)the stars, galaxies, dust and everything in space