Electrical Circuits
Indicators and Objectives for this Unit
5. 6. C. Electricity and Magnetism
2. Cite evidence supporting that electrical energy can be produced from a variety of energy sources and can itself be
transformed into almost any other form of energy.
a. identify various energy sources and the energy transforming devices used to produce electrical energy
* Wind (generators, wind mills)
* Sun (solar cells)
* Water (turbines)
* Fossil fuels (engines)
b. Cite examples that demonstrate the transformation of electrical energy into other forms of energy.
c. Investigate and describe that some materials allow the quick, convenient, and safe transfer of electricity
(conductors), while others prevent the transfer of electricity (insulators).
d. Identify and describe the energy transformations in simple electric circuits.
3. Identify and describe magnetic fields and their relationship to electric current.
a. Investigate and describe the magnetic fields surrounding various types of magnets using materials, such as iron filings and small compasses.
* A single bar magnet
* Two bar magnets with like poles facing
* Two bar magnets with opposite poles facing
* A horseshoe magnet
b. Explain ways to change the strength of a simple electromagnet by varying the number of coils wrapped, the amount of electricity in the wire, the number of batteries used, and whether or not an iron core is used.
c. Describe how the electromagnet demonstrates the relationship of magnetism and electricity and identify common devices that demonstrate application of this relationship.
* Electric motors (fans, hair dryers, can openers)
* Electrical generators (turbine)
d. Describe that electricity moving through a wire produces a magnetic force on materials placed near the wire.
* Iron filings
1st Big Assignment+ Please look up these
Vocabulary Words to look up and put in your journal
Electricity
Electric current
Atom
Electron
Proton
Neutron
Charge
Voltage
Electric circuit
Insulator
Conductor
Magnet
Electromagnet
Alternative current
Direct current
Electromagnetic induction
PRETEST -Copy this in your journal and complete it there
Producing and Supplying Electricity: Garden of Amps
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A network of wires
Cylindrical coils of wire
Rectangular coils of wire
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Ohm in the Circuit
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Please read this article and complete the work below in your journal
What Is Electricity? By Brandi Waters | |
1 Electricity is a big part of our lives. It powers our lights. It can heat and cool our homes. It can make our televisions and computers work. It can even power our cars! We all use electricity every day, but what is it?2 First, you have to know about atoms. All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are very small. They are so small that you cannot see them without a special microscope. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and electrons both have an electrical charge. Protons have a positive charge. Electrons have a negative charge. Neutrons do not have a positive or a negative charge. Most atoms have the same number of protons and electrons. Protons and neutrons form the nucleus of the atom. The nucleus is at the center of an atom. Electrons circle around the nucleus like the planets orbit the sun.
Please copy this main idea and details graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there
3 Scientists have learned that electrons can move from one atom to another. This creates electricity. You can see electricity in many forms. Lightning is a form of electricity. When you pull a sweater over your hair or rub your feet on the carpet you create static electricity. Electricity can also be made by man. This is how we get electricity to use at our houses. There are many ways that it can be made. It can be made using energy from water flowing down at a dam. It can be made by using the power of the wind. It can also be made by burning fuel. After electricity has been made, it can be moved to other places. A wire is a way of moving electricity. Electrons move from atom to atom along the wire. This creates a current of electricity. Wires run from electrical power plants to homes, schools, and businesses. The wires carry electricity to power our lights and many of our electronic devices.
Copyright © 2011 edHelper
Please copy this main idea and details graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there
Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there
What Is Electricity?
What Is Electricity?
What Is Electricity?
Please copy this "cloze" assignment in your journal and complete it there
Directions: Fill in each blank with the word that best completes the reading comprehension.
Electricity is a big part of our lives. It powers our lights. It can heat and cool our homes. It can make our televisions and computers (1) _______________________ . It can even power our cars! We all use electricity every day, but what is it?
First, you have to know about atoms. All (2) _______________________ is made of atoms. Atoms are very small. They are so small that you cannot see them without a special microscope. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and electrons (3) _______________________ have an electrical charge. Protons have a positive charge. Electrons have a (4) _______________________ (5) _______________________ . Neutrons do not have a positive or a negative charge. Most atoms have the same number of protons and electrons. Protons and neutrons form the nucleus of the atom. The nucleus is at the center of an atom. Electrons circle around the nucleus like the planets orbit the sun.
Scientists have learned that electrons can move from one atom to (6) _______________________ . This creates electricity. You can see electricity in many forms. Lightning is a form of electricity. When you pull a sweater (7) _______________________ your hair or rub your feet on the carpet you create static electricity. Electricity can also be made by man. This is how we get electricity to use at our houses. There are many ways that it can be made. It can be made using energy from water flowing down at a dam. It can be made by using the power of the wind. It can also be made by burning (8) _______________________ . (9) _______________________ electricity has been made, it can be(10) _______________________ to other places. A wire is a way of (11) _______________________ electricity. Electrons(12) _______________________ from atom to atom (13) _______________________ the wire. This creates a(14) _______________________ of electricity. Wires run from (15) _______________________ power plants to homes,(16) _______________________ , and businesses. The wires carry electricity to power our lights and many of our(17) _______________________ devices.
Copyright © 2011 edHelper
What Is Electricity?
1 You have already learned about electricity. You know that electricity is a stream of electrons moving from atom to atom. Electrons have a negative charge. They move toward atoms with a positive charge. When electrons move, electricity is made.
2 Electrons cannot jump across a distance. There must be a path for electrons to follow. The path must be a series of atoms that can accept an electron. We call this path a circuit. People have learned how to build and manipulate circuits to move electricity. We use circuits to bring electricity into our homes. We use circuits to move electricity through our computers, telephones, toys, and even our cars.
Please copy this main idea and details graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there
journal and complete it there
Electrical Circuits Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there
Please click this site below , hit enter, complete the electrical circuit reading and activity.
http://www.andythelwell.com/blobz/
NOW take 15 or more notes about what you learned from the reading and activity.
Electrical Circuits
Electrical Circuits
Directions: Fill in each blank with the word that best completes the reading comprehension.
You have already learned about electricity. You know that electricity is a stream of electrons(1) _______________________ from atom to atom. Electrons have a (2) _______________________ charge. They move toward atoms with a (3) _______________________ charge. When electrons move, electricity is made.
Electrons cannot jump (4) _______________________ a distance. There must be a path for electrons to follow. The path must be a (5) _______________________ of atoms that can (6) _______________________ an electron. We call this path a circuit. (7) _______________________ have learned how to (8) _______________________ and manipulate circuits to move electricity. We use circuits to (9) _______________________ electricity into our homes. We use circuits to(10) _______________________ electricity through our computers, telephones, toys, and even our cars.
Every time you flip a light switch in your house, you are using a circuit. The light bulb glows when electrons are flowing through it. The light bulb (11) _______________________ glows when the switch is on. This is because the circuit is complete when the switch is on. Wiring in your house forms a path for (12) _______________________ to flow. The wires are attached to the light bulb. The wires are also connected to the switch on the (13) _______________________ . When the switch is turned off, there is a (14) _______________________ in the circuit. When the circuit is (15) _______________________ , electricity cannot flow through the light bulb. When the switch is turned on, the switch forms a bridge that completes the circuit. Electrons can flow through the wires, through the (16) _______________________ , and through the light (17) _______________________ . The light bulb glows and lights your room. Circuits help people control when and where electricity flows.
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Electrical Circuits
Please read this article and complete the work below in your journal
1 The electrical wires in your house make a path for the electricity to run through. Electricity is also called electric current. Electric current is a steady flow of electric charges moving from one place to another. Electric currents move in a path called a circuit. If the circuit is complete, or unbroken, then the electric current can be used to do something. For example, when you turn on a light switch in your house, you complete the circuit. Electric current can flow through the wires of the house to the light bulb. The light comes on. Turn the light switch off. The electric circuit is not complete any more. The switch opens a small gap to turn off the light. Electric current can no longer flow through the wires to the light bulb. A switch opens or closes the circuit. Electric current flows like water in a river bed.
Electric Current
Electric Current
Electric Current
The electrical wires in your house (1) _______________________ a path for the electricity to run(2) _______________________ . Electricity is also called electric current. Electric current is a steady(3) _______________________ of electric charges moving from one place to(4) _______________________ . Electric currents move in a (5) _______________________ called acircuit. If the circuit is complete, or unbroken, then the electric current can be used to do(6) _______________________ . For example, (7) _______________________ you turn on a light switch in your house, you complete the circuit. Electric current can flow through the wires of the house to the light(8) _______________________ . The light comes on. Turn the (9) _______________________ switch off. The electric circuit is not complete any more. The switch opens a (10) _______________________ gap to (11) _______________________ off the light. Electric current can no (12) _______________________ flow through the wires to the light bulb. A switch opens or closes the (13) _______________________ . Electric current (14) _______________________ like(15) _______________________ in a (16) _______________________ bed.
Electric Current
1 Most plants grow in pots or in gardens. However, some plants are made from steel and concrete. These plants, electrical power plants, are very important to the millions of people around the world who depend on electricity each day. The seeds for electricity production were planted during the 1800s. In 1819 a Danish scientist named Hans Christian Oersted discovered by accident that electricity and magnetism were connected. Oersted was demonstrating how electrical currents could produce heat when he noticed a strange sight. There was a compass on a nearby table, and when the wires were connected in his circuit to the power source, the needle on the compass swung around. When he disconnected the wires, the compass needle returned to its normal position pointing towards the magnetic north pole. Electricity had magnetic pull!
2 In 1820, French scientist André Ampere proved that parallel wires carrying electric currents in the same direction in a circuit would attract each other like unlike poles on the ends of bar magnets. If the current flowed in opposite directions, the wires would repel each other. Ampere used his observations to make a cylindrical (circular) coil of wire that behaved like a magnet. Today we call cylindrical coils of wire solenoids.
3 In 1825, William Sturgeon, an English scientist discovered that you could increase the power of an electromagnet (combination of electricity and magnets) by placing a bar of soft iron inside a coil of wire. In 1831, American Joseph Henry made improvements to Sturgeon's electromagnet by insulating or wrapping the wires to help hold in the heat from the electrical current. This helped to increase the power of the electromagnet. During that same year, Henry helped to develop an electromagnet that was capable of lifting over a ton (2000 pounds).
4 The one scientist who had the greatest impact on future electricity production was Englishman Michael Faraday. Faraday used two bar magnets wrapped in electrical coils and sprinkled iron filings onto a piece of paper above the two electromagnets. After the iron filings formed around the electromagnets, Faraday stated that the lines of filings on the paper marked the real lines of electromagnetic force. He is the scientist who called the area around a magnet a magnetic field. The idea of fields is a very important concept in science today.
5 During the 1830s, Faraday experimented with creating electrical currents by using magnets. His experiment included two coils of wires lying next to each other. One coil of wire had an iron bar inside to make it a stronger magnet. When Faraday sent a current through the coil with the iron bar, he had hoped to create an electrical current in the second coil. What he really saw was a small burst of electricity in the second coil and the end of that experiment. He then realized that he needed to move the wire across the magnetic field to produce the current. Faraday tried the experiment again. He moved the iron bar in and out of the coil and moved the loop of wire across the magnetic field. Each time Faraday did this, he caused an electric current to be induced or made in the second coil. Faraday proved that the movement of magnets and wires within a magnetic field produced electricity. Thus, Faraday planted the ultimate seed, the theory of electromagnetic induction. This meant that electricity could be produced, possibly in large quantities. Around this time Joseph Henry also made the same discovery.
6 So how does all of the hard work of these scientists help us today? Each scientist's piece of the electromagnetic puzzle helped to form the theory of electromagnetic induction. Oersted, Ampere, Sturgeon, Henry, and Faraday learned from the experiments of the scientists before them, and they used that knowledge to help build the parts of an extraordinary scientific theory. Today the generators in the world's power plants are built using this theory to generate electricity.
7 Generators are large machines built with turbines (cylinders) that have magnets which spin between coils of wires. The stronger the magnet, the faster it turns, and the more coils the machine has, the stronger the voltage or power that is created. Generators produce over 99% of our electricity. There are two types of generators. Alternators (AC) send alternating current that switches directions. As the magnets spin in the machine, they pass the wires going up on one side and down on the other side. The result is a current that changes direction. Alternators, which are the simplest form of generator, are found mostly in houses. Dynamos (DC) send direct currents in the same direction. The magnets in these machines only pass the wires in one direction on each side. Household batteries give direct electrical current.
8 Generators can be powered by different types of fuel. Hydroelectric power plants use moving water to turn the turbines (spinning machines) in the generators to spin the magnets around. The Aswan Dam (Egypt, Africa), the Three Gorges Dam (China), Niagara Falls (New York, U.S.A.), the Hoover Dam (Nevada-Arizona Border, U.S.A.) are the world's most famous hydroelectric power plants. Other types of power plants are geoelectric (coal and oil), geothermal (hot water from underground), solar thermal (heat from the sun), and nuclear (energy from atoms). In these power plants, the fuel produces the steam that makes the turbines turn and, therefore, spins the magnets to produce electricity. How does this electricity travel to our homes?
9 The answer is through power lines. Once the electricity is produced, it is transferred from the power plant or station through a series of cables or grid. When electricity is sent from the power station, it measures about 25,000 volts or more. As the electricity travels along the power lines, it passes through transformers. Transformers are like boxes that take in the electricity at a certain voltage on one side and increase or decrease the voltage as it passes through the other side. When the electricity leaves the power plant, the transformers increase the voltage (up to 400,000 volts) because less energy will be lost due to the resistance in the cables. As the electricity is transferred to homes and businesses, the voltage is increased or decreased. The voltages for businesses, factories, and homes are usually 110 to 240 volts and can vary in different countries.
10 There are times, however, when the circuit from the power plant to our homes is broken. Widespread power outages or blackouts can occur when you have blown or exploded transformers or downed power lines. In 1965 a blown transformer caused a blackout in New York City. Hurricanes and tornadoes are notorious for causing power lines to fall down and, therefore, cause electricity to be lost in those areas.
11 Our methods for producing electricity today come from the extraordinary work of scientists in the 1800s. Without their hard work and cultivation, the seeds for electromagnetism would never have been planted.
Copyright © 2011 edHelper
Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there
Producing and Supplying Electricity: Garden of Amps
Producing and Supplying Electricity: Garden of Amps
Producing and Supplying Electricity: Garden of Amps
Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there
Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there
Directions: Fill in each blank with the word that best completes the reading comprehension.
Most plants grow in pots or in gardens. However, some plants are made from steel and concrete. These plants, electrical power plants, are very important to the millions of people around the world who depend on electricity each day. The seeds for electricity (1) _______________________ were planted during the 1800s. In 1819 a Danish scientist named Hans Christian Oersted discovered by accident that electricity and magnetism were connected. Oersted was demonstrating how electrical currents could produce heat when he noticed a strange sight. There was a compass on a nearby table, and when the wires were connected in his circuit to the power source, the needle on the compass swung around. When he disconnected the wires, the (2) _______________________ needle returned to its normal position pointing towards the magnetic north pole. Electricity had magnetic pull!
In 1820, French scientist André Ampere proved that parallel wires carrying electric currents in the same direction in a circuit would attract each other like unlike poles on the ends of bar magnets. If the current flowed in(3) _______________________ directions, the wires would repel each other. Ampere used his observations to make a cylindrical (circular) coil of wire that behaved like a magnet. Today we call cylindrical coils of wire solenoids.
In 1825, William Sturgeon, an English scientist discovered that you could increase the power of an electromagnet (combination of electricity and magnets) by placing a bar of soft iron inside a coil of wire. In 1831, American Joseph Henry made improvements to Sturgeon's electromagnet by insulating or wrapping the wires to help hold in the heat from the electrical current. This helped to increase the power of the electromagnet. During that same year, Henry helped to develop an (4) _______________________ that was capable of lifting over a ton (2000 pounds).
The one (5) _______________________ who had the greatest impact on future electricity production was Englishman Michael Faraday. Faraday used two bar magnets wrapped in electrical coils and sprinkled iron filings onto a piece of paper above the two electromagnets. After the iron filings formed around the (6) _______________________ , Faraday stated that the lines of filings on the paper marked the real lines of electromagnetic force. He is the scientist who called the area around a magnet a magnetic field. The idea of fields is a very important concept in science today.
During the 1830s, Faraday experimented with creating electrical currents by using magnets. His experiment included two coils of wires lying next to each other. One coil of wire had an iron bar inside to make it a stronger magnet. When Faraday sent a current through the coil with the iron bar, he had hoped to create an electrical current in the second coil. What he really saw was a small burst of electricity in the second coil and the end of that experiment. He then realized that he needed to move the wire across the magnetic field to produce the current. Faraday tried the experiment again. He moved the iron bar in and out of the coil and moved the loop of wire across the magnetic field. Each time Faraday did this, he caused an electric current to be induced or made in the second coil. Faraday proved that the movement of magnets and wires within a magnetic field produced electricity. (7) _______________________ , Faraday planted the ultimate seed, the theory of electromagnetic induction. This meant that electricity could be produced, possibly in large quantities. Around this time Joseph Henry also made the same discovery.
So how does all of the hard work of these scientists help us today? Each scientist's piece of the electromagnetic puzzle helped to form the theory of electromagnetic induction. Oersted, Ampere, Sturgeon, Henry, and Faraday learned from the experiments of the scientists before them, and they used that knowledge to help build the parts of an extraordinary scientific theory. Today the generators in the world's power plants are built using this (8) _______________________ to(9) _______________________ electricity.
Generators are large machines built with turbines (cylinders) that have magnets which spin between coils of wires. The stronger the magnet, the faster it turns, and the more coils the machine has, the stronger the voltage or power that is created. Generators produce over 99% of our electricity. There are two types of generators. Alternators (AC) send alternating current that switches directions. As the magnets spin in the machine, they pass the wires going up on one side and down on the other side. The result is a current that changes direction. Alternators, which are the simplest form of (10) _______________________ , are found mostly in houses. Dynamos (DC) send direct currents in the same direction. The magnets in these machines only pass the wires in one direction on each side. Household batteries give direct electrical current.
Generators can be powered by different types of fuel. Hydroelectric power plants use moving water to turn the turbines (spinning machines) in the (11) _______________________ to spin the magnets around. The Aswan Dam (Egypt, Africa), the Three Gorges Dam (China), Niagara Falls (New York, U.S.A.), the Hoover Dam (Nevada-Arizona Border, U.S.A.) are the world's most famous hydroelectric power plants. Other types of power plants are geoelectric (coal and oil),(12) _______________________ (hot water from underground), solar thermal (heat from the sun), and (13) _______________________ (energy from atoms). In these power plants, the fuel produces the steam that makes the turbines turn and, therefore, spins the magnets to produce electricity. How does this electricity travel to our homes?
The answer is through power lines. Once the electricity is produced, it is transferred from the power plant or station through a series of cables or (14) _______________________ . When electricity is sent from the power station, it measures about 25,000 (15) _______________________ or more. As the electricity travels along the power lines, it passes through transformers. Transformers are like boxes that take in the electricity at a certain voltage on one side and increase or decrease the voltage as it passes through the other side. When the electricity leaves the power plant, the transformers increase the voltage (up to 400,000 volts) because less energy will be lost due to the resistance in the cables. As the electricity is transferred to homes and businesses, the voltage is increased or decreased. The voltages for businesses, factories, and homes are usually 110 to 240 volts and can vary in different countries.
There are times, however, when the circuit from the power plant to our homes is broken. Widespread power outages or (16) _______________________ can occur when you have blown or exploded transformers or downed power lines. In 1965 a blown transformer caused a (17) _______________________ in New York City. Hurricanes and tornadoes are notorious for causing power lines to fall down and, therefore, cause electricity to be lost in those areas.
Our methods for producing electricity today come from the extraordinary work of (18) _______________________ in the 1800s. Without their hard work and cultivation, the seeds for (19) _______________________ would never have been planted.
Copyright © 2011 edHelper
1 Although Benjamin Franklin had his moment in the "spot light", there were many scientists in the 18th and 19th centuries who worked to discover the mystery of electricity. Franklin's creation of the lightning rod in 1752 sparked the interest of scientists throughout Europe and America. During the late 1700s and 1800s these scientists tried to figure out how to produce electrical energy and how to store large amounts of electricity. This whole "electricity era" started with hanging frog legs, but it ended with an important law for measuring the flow of electricity.
2 In 1786, an Italian scientist named Luigi Galvani tried to discover if lightning was truly the key to producing electricity. Prior to an approaching thunderstorm, he took the legs of a dead frog, attached them to a metal hook, and hung the hook from a metal railing. Galvani wanted to see if the lightning would produce an electrical current that would make the legs jump. However, before the lightning could arrive, the legs jumped. After Galvani observed this phenomena, he realized the frog's nerves had made a new type of electricity called animal electricity. People throughout Europe began to believe animal electricity was the secret to life. Now you know why Frankenstein had such a jolt when he woke up. Today the word galvanic stands for the direct current of electricity that is produced chemically. Galvanize means to shock with an electric current. I guess Galvani "galvanized" his frog's legs.
3 In the 1790s, another scientist named Alessandro Volta proved that Galvani's animal electricity was really a chemical reaction. A chemical reaction occurs when two or more substances are combined and a new substance is produced. The metal railing on Galvani's balcony reacted to the metal hook that held the frog's legs and the moisture in the air. The result was a mild electrical current that caused the legs to jump. Volta used this knowledge to produce the first battery in 1800. He built the battery by using alternate layers of copper and zinc in a jar of salt water. The chemical reaction that occurred between the two metals and the salt water caused a steady flow of electricity. Volta's work provided us today with the words volt and voltage. Volts are units of potential difference similar to the pressure in the circuit. Voltage is the type of pressure that pushes an electrical charge through a circuit. In addition to new science vocabulary words, Galvani and Volta's work helped other scientists as they learned about circuits and current electricity. Current electricity is the electrical energy that flows through an unbroken path or circuit.
4 During the 1820s, French scientist André Ampere proved that two parallel wires (side by side) carrying currents in the same direction would attract each other. Wires with electrical currents flowing in opposite directions would repel each other. Ampere continued to work on later experiments in electromagnetism. However, he left us with an important word to add to our scientific vocabulary. Anampere or amp is a unit of electric current used to measure the rate or how fast electric current flows within a circuit.
5 As a result of the work of German scientist Georg Ohm in the mid 1800s, we have our most important scientific law about electricity. Ohm proved that the flow of electrical current through wire depended on the wire's resistance. The flow of electricity can be changed based on the length or the thickness of the wire. When you have a thick wire, the electrical energy has a wider pathway in which to travel. If the wire is thin, the passageway is narrow, and the electrical energy will be slowed down as it travels due to friction. An ohm is a unit used to measure a material's resistance to the flow of electricity. "Ohm's Law" states that the electromotive force or pressure in a circuit (measured in volts) equals the current (measured in amps) multiplied by the resistance (measured on ohms). An electrical circuit has three main parts: the source of the electricity (i.e., battery), a "load" or electronic device (i.e., lamp), and conductors to carry the electricity (i.e., wires).
6 A simple way to demonstrate Ohm's Law is to imagine that you are using a plastic ketchup bottle to paint a huge ketchup picture. If you were to hold the bottle with both hands, this would be your "voltage" because you would use your hands to put pressure on the bottle. The nozzle or top on the bottle would be your "ohms" because the size of the bottle cap will affect the flow of the ketchup or provide resistance. Finally, the stream of ketchup is your "amps" or current. When you squeeze the bottle harder, the flow of ketchup will increase. So in a circuit, if you increase the voltage, the current in the circuit will increase; decrease the voltage, it will decrease. If you decide you want a bigger nozzle and make the hole larger, this will increase the flow of ketchup because you have lessened the resistance from the cap. In a circuit if you use a thicker wire, you will decrease the resistance the electrical current experiences, and therefore increase or speed up the flow of the current. When you use a thin wire, you increase the resistance and decrease or slow down the flow of electrical current.
7 As you can see, Franklin, Galvani, Volta, Ampere, and Ohm were important players in the game of learning about electricity. Without all of their hard work, we would be plugging in frog legs instead of electrical plugs.
Copyright © 2011 edHelper
Ohm in the Circuit
Ohm in the Circuit
Ohm in the Circuit
Ohm in the Circuit
Ohm in the Circuit
Copyright © 2011 edHelper
Please copy this main idea and details graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there
Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there
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Please copy this "cloze" assignment in your journal and complete it thereWhat Is Electricity? By Brandi Waters | |
Directions: Fill in each blank with the word that best completes the reading comprehension.
Electricity is a big part of our lives. It powers our lights. It can heat and cool our homes. It can make our televisions and computers (1) _______________________ . It can even power our cars! We all use electricity every day, but what is it?First, you have to know about atoms. All (2) _______________________ is made of atoms. Atoms are very small. They are so small that you cannot see them without a special microscope. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and electrons (3) _______________________ have an electrical charge. Protons have a positive charge. Electrons have a (4) _______________________ (5) _______________________ . Neutrons do not have a positive or a negative charge. Most atoms have the same number of protons and electrons. Protons and neutrons form the nucleus of the atom. The nucleus is at the center of an atom. Electrons circle around the nucleus like the planets orbit the sun.
Scientists have learned that electrons can move from one atom to (6) _______________________ . This creates electricity. You can see electricity in many forms. Lightning is a form of electricity. When you pull a sweater (7) _______________________ your hair or rub your feet on the carpet you create static electricity. Electricity can also be made by man. This is how we get electricity to use at our houses. There are many ways that it can be made. It can be made using energy from water flowing down at a dam. It can be made by using the power of the wind. It can also be made by burning (8) _______________________ . (9) _______________________ electricity has been made, it can be(10) _______________________ to other places. A wire is a way of (11) _______________________ electricity. Electrons(12) _______________________ from atom to atom (13) _______________________ the wire. This creates a(14) _______________________ of electricity. Wires run from (15) _______________________ power plants to homes,(16) _______________________ , and businesses. The wires carry electricity to power our lights and many of our(17) _______________________ devices.
Copyright © 2011 edHelper
Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there
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Electrical Circuits By Brandi Waters | |
1 You have already learned about electricity. You know that electricity is a stream of electrons moving from atom to atom. Electrons have a negative charge. They move toward atoms with a positive charge. When electrons move, electricity is made.2 Electrons cannot jump across a distance. There must be a path for electrons to follow. The path must be a series of atoms that can accept an electron. We call this path a circuit. People have learned how to build and manipulate circuits to move electricity. We use circuits to bring electricity into our homes. We use circuits to move electricity through our computers, telephones, toys, and even our cars.
Please copy this main idea and details graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there
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| Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer |
3 Every time you flip a light switch in your house, you are using a circuit. The light bulb glows when electrons are flowing through it. The light bulb only glows when the switch is on. This is because the circuit is complete when the switch is on. Wiring in your house forms a path for electricity to flow. The wires are attached to the light bulb. The wires are also connected to the switch on the wall. When the switch is turned off, there is a break in the circuit. When the circuit is broken, electricity cannot flow through the light bulb. When the switch is turned on, the switch forms a bridge that completes the circuit. Electrons can flow through the wires, through the switch, and through the light bulb. The light bulb glows and lights your room. Circuits help people control when and where electricity flows.
Copyright © 2011 edHelper
Copyright © 2011 edHelper
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Please click this site below , hit enter, complete the electrical circuit reading and activity.
http://www.andythelwell.com/blobz/
NOW take 15 or more notes about what you learned from the reading and activity.
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Electricity
magnetic field parallel circuit electric field
electromagnet fuse conductor
direct current voltage alternating current
insulator electricity kilowatt-hour
circuit lodestone ground
generator short circuit series circuit
resistor compass ampere
charge magnet static electricity
lightning rod
Matching
Assignment-In your journal. Match each definition with a word above
1. An electric current flowing only in one direction.
2. The amount of energy used when you consume one kilo-watt of power in one
hour.
3. A piece of metal that stands at the highest point of a building and is connected to
the Earth. The purpose of the piece of metal is to ground the large amount of
electrical energy in the event of a lightning strike.
4. A machine that produces electricity by changing energy of motion into electrical
energy.
5. An electrical connection that allows electrons to be carried away in the event of a
problem.
6. A unit used to measure current.
7. A magnet created when electric current flows through a coil of wire.
8. Energy formed by the motion of protons and electrons.
9. A measure of the amount of electricity in an atom that is determined by the extra
positive or negative particles that an atom has.
10. The area around charged particles where electric forces occur.
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Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there
Electrical Circuits By Brandi Waters | |
Directions: Fill in each blank with the word that best completes the reading comprehension.
You have already learned about electricity. You know that electricity is a stream of electrons(1) _______________________ from atom to atom. Electrons have a (2) _______________________ charge. They move toward atoms with a (3) _______________________ charge. When electrons move, electricity is made.Electrons cannot jump (4) _______________________ a distance. There must be a path for electrons to follow. The path must be a (5) _______________________ of atoms that can (6) _______________________ an electron. We call this path a circuit. (7) _______________________ have learned how to (8) _______________________ and manipulate circuits to move electricity. We use circuits to (9) _______________________ electricity into our homes. We use circuits to(10) _______________________ electricity through our computers, telephones, toys, and even our cars.
Every time you flip a light switch in your house, you are using a circuit. The light bulb glows when electrons are flowing through it. The light bulb (11) _______________________ glows when the switch is on. This is because the circuit is complete when the switch is on. Wiring in your house forms a path for (12) _______________________ to flow. The wires are attached to the light bulb. The wires are also connected to the switch on the (13) _______________________ . When the switch is turned off, there is a (14) _______________________ in the circuit. When the circuit is (15) _______________________ , electricity cannot flow through the light bulb. When the switch is turned on, the switch forms a bridge that completes the circuit. Electrons can flow through the wires, through the (16) _______________________ , and through the light (17) _______________________ . The light bulb glows and lights your room. Circuits help people control when and where electricity flows.
Copyright © 2011 edHelper
Multiple Choice
Please copy in your journal and Select the definition that most nearly defines the given word.
11. charge
A. A measure of the amount of electricity in an atom that is determined by the extra
positive or negative particles that an atom has.
B. A hard, black, naturally magnetic rock.
12. series circuit
A. A magnet created when electric current flows through a coil of wire.
B. An electric circuit that has only one path for the current.
13. circuit
A. The area around charged particles where electric forces occur.
B. A closed path along which electricity flows.
14. magnet
A. An object with two poles that attracts iron and steel.
B. The force that pushes electricity or a current. In most homes this force is 110 volts.
15. lodestone
A. A path that allows most of the current in an electric circuit to flow around or away
from the principal elements or devices in the circuit.
B. A hard, black, naturally magnetic rock.
16. direct current
A. The amount of energy used when you consume one kilo-watt of power in one hour.
B. An electric current flowing only in one direction.
17. alternating current
A. An electric current that reverses its direction of flow at regular intervals.
B. A unit used to measure current.
18. voltage
A. An electrical connection that allows electrons to be carried away in the event of a
problem.
B. The force that pushes electricity or a current. In most homes this force is 110 volts.
19. magnetic field
A. The space around a magnet where the force of the magnet can be felt.
B. This has a magnetized needle that is attracted to the earth's north magnetic pole.
20. static electricity
A. An electric circuit that has only one path for the current.
B. A charge that stays on an object instead of flowing in a current.
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Please read this article and complete the work below in your journal
Electric Current By Cindy Grigg | |
1 The electrical wires in your house make a path for the electricity to run through. Electricity is also called electric current. Electric current is a steady flow of electric charges moving from one place to another. Electric currents move in a path called a circuit. If the circuit is complete, or unbroken, then the electric current can be used to do something. For example, when you turn on a light switch in your house, you complete the circuit. Electric current can flow through the wires of the house to the light bulb. The light comes on. Turn the light switch off. The electric circuit is not complete any more. The switch opens a small gap to turn off the light. Electric current can no longer flow through the wires to the light bulb. A switch opens or closes the circuit. Electric current flows like water in a river bed.Copyright © 2011 edHelper
Please copy this main idea and details graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there
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| Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there |
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Electric Current
Please click this site below , hit enter, click the 2nd of 5 pictures, complete the electrical conductors and insulators reading and activity.
NOW take 15 or more notes about what you learned from the reading and activity.
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Please copy this "cloze" assignment in your journal and complete it there
Electric Current By Cindy Grigg | |
Directions: Fill in each blank with the word that best completes the reading comprehension.
The electrical wires in your house (1) _______________________ a path for the electricity to run(2) _______________________ . Electricity is also called electric current. Electric current is a steady(3) _______________________ of electric charges moving from one place to(4) _______________________ . Electric currents move in a (5) _______________________ called acircuit. If the circuit is complete, or unbroken, then the electric current can be used to do(6) _______________________ . For example, (7) _______________________ you turn on a light switch in your house, you complete the circuit. Electric current can flow through the wires of the house to the light(8) _______________________ . The light comes on. Turn the (9) _______________________ switch off. The electric circuit is not complete any more. The switch opens a (10) _______________________ gap to (11) _______________________ off the light. Electric current can no (12) _______________________ flow through the wires to the light bulb. A switch opens or closes the (13) _______________________ . Electric current (14) _______________________ like(15) _______________________ in a (16) _______________________ bed.Copyright © 2011 edHelper
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Please click this site below , hit enter, click the 3rd of 5 pictures, complete the electrical switches reading and activity.
NOW take 15 or more notes about what you learned from the reading and activity.
Review
21. The magnetic force is strongest at a magnet's poles.
A. True
B. False
22. An electromagnet is a temporary magnet.
A. True
B. False
23. What is the most dangerous part of electricity?
A. The charge
B. Electricity is not dangerous at all.
C. The current
D. The voltage
24. Thomas designs an electric circuit that has 2 batteries connected in series and 1 bulb.
If one of the batteries dies, the brightness of the bulb remains the same.
A. False
B. True
25. What does a switch use to make or break an electric current?
A. Resistors only
B. Conductors and insulators
C. Conductors and resistors
D. Insulators and resistors
26. What did Benjamin Franklin invent in 1752?
A. A kite
B. A key
C. Lightning
D. A lightning rod
27. Lodestone is a natural mineral that possesses magnetic properties.
A. False
B. True
28. What is the area around charged particles where electric forces occur?
A. A power field
B. An electromagnetic field
C. A magnetic field
D. An electric field
29. Emily can control the brightness of her living room lights by turning a knob. If Emily
dims the lights, the knob increases the resistance to the electric current.
A. True
B. False
30. What good insulator material is often used to coat electrical wires?
A. Plastic
B. Paper
C. Copper
D. Aluminum
Please click this site below , hit enter, click the 4th of 5 pictures, complete the changing circuits reading and activity.
NOW take 15 or more notes about what you learned from the reading and activity.
Electricity - Circuit Construction
Electricity - ADV. circuit construction
Electricity- Signal Circuit
Electricity - Adv-Resistance in a Wire
Electricity - Ohms Law -Adv
Electric Generator
Faradays Law
Faradays Electromagnetic Lab
Electric Circuit
Electricity -
Battery-Resistor Circuit
Battery Voltage
Please read this article and complete the work below in your journal
| Producing and Supplying Electricity: Garden of Amps | |
1 Most plants grow in pots or in gardens. However, some plants are made from steel and concrete. These plants, electrical power plants, are very important to the millions of people around the world who depend on electricity each day. The seeds for electricity production were planted during the 1800s. In 1819 a Danish scientist named Hans Christian Oersted discovered by accident that electricity and magnetism were connected. Oersted was demonstrating how electrical currents could produce heat when he noticed a strange sight. There was a compass on a nearby table, and when the wires were connected in his circuit to the power source, the needle on the compass swung around. When he disconnected the wires, the compass needle returned to its normal position pointing towards the magnetic north pole. Electricity had magnetic pull!Please copy this main idea and details graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there
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| Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer |
2 In 1820, French scientist André Ampere proved that parallel wires carrying electric currents in the same direction in a circuit would attract each other like unlike poles on the ends of bar magnets. If the current flowed in opposite directions, the wires would repel each other. Ampere used his observations to make a cylindrical (circular) coil of wire that behaved like a magnet. Today we call cylindrical coils of wire solenoids.
3 In 1825, William Sturgeon, an English scientist discovered that you could increase the power of an electromagnet (combination of electricity and magnets) by placing a bar of soft iron inside a coil of wire. In 1831, American Joseph Henry made improvements to Sturgeon's electromagnet by insulating or wrapping the wires to help hold in the heat from the electrical current. This helped to increase the power of the electromagnet. During that same year, Henry helped to develop an electromagnet that was capable of lifting over a ton (2000 pounds).
Please copy this main idea and details graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there
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| Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer |
Please copy this main idea and details graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there
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| Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer |
Please copy this main idea and details graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there
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| Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer |
7 Generators are large machines built with turbines (cylinders) that have magnets which spin between coils of wires. The stronger the magnet, the faster it turns, and the more coils the machine has, the stronger the voltage or power that is created. Generators produce over 99% of our electricity. There are two types of generators. Alternators (AC) send alternating current that switches directions. As the magnets spin in the machine, they pass the wires going up on one side and down on the other side. The result is a current that changes direction. Alternators, which are the simplest form of generator, are found mostly in houses. Dynamos (DC) send direct currents in the same direction. The magnets in these machines only pass the wires in one direction on each side. Household batteries give direct electrical current.
8 Generators can be powered by different types of fuel. Hydroelectric power plants use moving water to turn the turbines (spinning machines) in the generators to spin the magnets around. The Aswan Dam (Egypt, Africa), the Three Gorges Dam (China), Niagara Falls (New York, U.S.A.), the Hoover Dam (Nevada-Arizona Border, U.S.A.) are the world's most famous hydroelectric power plants. Other types of power plants are geoelectric (coal and oil), geothermal (hot water from underground), solar thermal (heat from the sun), and nuclear (energy from atoms). In these power plants, the fuel produces the steam that makes the turbines turn and, therefore, spins the magnets to produce electricity. How does this electricity travel to our homes?
Please copy this main idea and details graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there
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| Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer |
Please copy this SEQUENCE graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there from the description of electricity being made and then being used in your house.
11 Our methods for producing electricity today come from the extraordinary work of scientists in the 1800s. Without their hard work and cultivation, the seeds for electromagnetism would never have been planted.
Copyright © 2011 edHelper
Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there
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Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there
Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there
| Producing and Supplying Electricity: Garden of Amps | |
Directions: Fill in each blank with the word that best completes the reading comprehension.
Most plants grow in pots or in gardens. However, some plants are made from steel and concrete. These plants, electrical power plants, are very important to the millions of people around the world who depend on electricity each day. The seeds for electricity (1) _______________________ were planted during the 1800s. In 1819 a Danish scientist named Hans Christian Oersted discovered by accident that electricity and magnetism were connected. Oersted was demonstrating how electrical currents could produce heat when he noticed a strange sight. There was a compass on a nearby table, and when the wires were connected in his circuit to the power source, the needle on the compass swung around. When he disconnected the wires, the (2) _______________________ needle returned to its normal position pointing towards the magnetic north pole. Electricity had magnetic pull!In 1820, French scientist André Ampere proved that parallel wires carrying electric currents in the same direction in a circuit would attract each other like unlike poles on the ends of bar magnets. If the current flowed in(3) _______________________ directions, the wires would repel each other. Ampere used his observations to make a cylindrical (circular) coil of wire that behaved like a magnet. Today we call cylindrical coils of wire solenoids.
In 1825, William Sturgeon, an English scientist discovered that you could increase the power of an electromagnet (combination of electricity and magnets) by placing a bar of soft iron inside a coil of wire. In 1831, American Joseph Henry made improvements to Sturgeon's electromagnet by insulating or wrapping the wires to help hold in the heat from the electrical current. This helped to increase the power of the electromagnet. During that same year, Henry helped to develop an (4) _______________________ that was capable of lifting over a ton (2000 pounds).
The one (5) _______________________ who had the greatest impact on future electricity production was Englishman Michael Faraday. Faraday used two bar magnets wrapped in electrical coils and sprinkled iron filings onto a piece of paper above the two electromagnets. After the iron filings formed around the (6) _______________________ , Faraday stated that the lines of filings on the paper marked the real lines of electromagnetic force. He is the scientist who called the area around a magnet a magnetic field. The idea of fields is a very important concept in science today.
During the 1830s, Faraday experimented with creating electrical currents by using magnets. His experiment included two coils of wires lying next to each other. One coil of wire had an iron bar inside to make it a stronger magnet. When Faraday sent a current through the coil with the iron bar, he had hoped to create an electrical current in the second coil. What he really saw was a small burst of electricity in the second coil and the end of that experiment. He then realized that he needed to move the wire across the magnetic field to produce the current. Faraday tried the experiment again. He moved the iron bar in and out of the coil and moved the loop of wire across the magnetic field. Each time Faraday did this, he caused an electric current to be induced or made in the second coil. Faraday proved that the movement of magnets and wires within a magnetic field produced electricity. (7) _______________________ , Faraday planted the ultimate seed, the theory of electromagnetic induction. This meant that electricity could be produced, possibly in large quantities. Around this time Joseph Henry also made the same discovery.
So how does all of the hard work of these scientists help us today? Each scientist's piece of the electromagnetic puzzle helped to form the theory of electromagnetic induction. Oersted, Ampere, Sturgeon, Henry, and Faraday learned from the experiments of the scientists before them, and they used that knowledge to help build the parts of an extraordinary scientific theory. Today the generators in the world's power plants are built using this (8) _______________________ to(9) _______________________ electricity.
Generators are large machines built with turbines (cylinders) that have magnets which spin between coils of wires. The stronger the magnet, the faster it turns, and the more coils the machine has, the stronger the voltage or power that is created. Generators produce over 99% of our electricity. There are two types of generators. Alternators (AC) send alternating current that switches directions. As the magnets spin in the machine, they pass the wires going up on one side and down on the other side. The result is a current that changes direction. Alternators, which are the simplest form of (10) _______________________ , are found mostly in houses. Dynamos (DC) send direct currents in the same direction. The magnets in these machines only pass the wires in one direction on each side. Household batteries give direct electrical current.
Generators can be powered by different types of fuel. Hydroelectric power plants use moving water to turn the turbines (spinning machines) in the (11) _______________________ to spin the magnets around. The Aswan Dam (Egypt, Africa), the Three Gorges Dam (China), Niagara Falls (New York, U.S.A.), the Hoover Dam (Nevada-Arizona Border, U.S.A.) are the world's most famous hydroelectric power plants. Other types of power plants are geoelectric (coal and oil),(12) _______________________ (hot water from underground), solar thermal (heat from the sun), and (13) _______________________ (energy from atoms). In these power plants, the fuel produces the steam that makes the turbines turn and, therefore, spins the magnets to produce electricity. How does this electricity travel to our homes?
The answer is through power lines. Once the electricity is produced, it is transferred from the power plant or station through a series of cables or (14) _______________________ . When electricity is sent from the power station, it measures about 25,000 (15) _______________________ or more. As the electricity travels along the power lines, it passes through transformers. Transformers are like boxes that take in the electricity at a certain voltage on one side and increase or decrease the voltage as it passes through the other side. When the electricity leaves the power plant, the transformers increase the voltage (up to 400,000 volts) because less energy will be lost due to the resistance in the cables. As the electricity is transferred to homes and businesses, the voltage is increased or decreased. The voltages for businesses, factories, and homes are usually 110 to 240 volts and can vary in different countries.
There are times, however, when the circuit from the power plant to our homes is broken. Widespread power outages or (16) _______________________ can occur when you have blown or exploded transformers or downed power lines. In 1965 a blown transformer caused a (17) _______________________ in New York City. Hurricanes and tornadoes are notorious for causing power lines to fall down and, therefore, cause electricity to be lost in those areas.
Our methods for producing electricity today come from the extraordinary work of (18) _______________________ in the 1800s. Without their hard work and cultivation, the seeds for (19) _______________________ would never have been planted.
Copyright © 2011 edHelper
| _____________________________ | | Date ___________________ (Key 1 - Answer ID # 0130674) |
| 1. | cultivation, resistance, magnetism, magnetism |
| 2. | downed, compass, circuit, voltage, transformer |
| Ohm in the Circuit By Trista L. Pollard | |
1 Although Benjamin Franklin had his moment in the "spot light", there were many scientists in the 18th and 19th centuries who worked to discover the mystery of electricity. Franklin's creation of the lightning rod in 1752 sparked the interest of scientists throughout Europe and America. During the late 1700s and 1800s these scientists tried to figure out how to produce electrical energy and how to store large amounts of electricity. This whole "electricity era" started with hanging frog legs, but it ended with an important law for measuring the flow of electricity.Please copy this main idea and details graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there
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| Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer |
2 In 1786, an Italian scientist named Luigi Galvani tried to discover if lightning was truly the key to producing electricity. Prior to an approaching thunderstorm, he took the legs of a dead frog, attached them to a metal hook, and hung the hook from a metal railing. Galvani wanted to see if the lightning would produce an electrical current that would make the legs jump. However, before the lightning could arrive, the legs jumped. After Galvani observed this phenomena, he realized the frog's nerves had made a new type of electricity called animal electricity. People throughout Europe began to believe animal electricity was the secret to life. Now you know why Frankenstein had such a jolt when he woke up. Today the word galvanic stands for the direct current of electricity that is produced chemically. Galvanize means to shock with an electric current. I guess Galvani "galvanized" his frog's legs.
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| Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer |
3 In the 1790s, another scientist named Alessandro Volta proved that Galvani's animal electricity was really a chemical reaction. A chemical reaction occurs when two or more substances are combined and a new substance is produced. The metal railing on Galvani's balcony reacted to the metal hook that held the frog's legs and the moisture in the air. The result was a mild electrical current that caused the legs to jump. Volta used this knowledge to produce the first battery in 1800. He built the battery by using alternate layers of copper and zinc in a jar of salt water. The chemical reaction that occurred between the two metals and the salt water caused a steady flow of electricity. Volta's work provided us today with the words volt and voltage. Volts are units of potential difference similar to the pressure in the circuit. Voltage is the type of pressure that pushes an electrical charge through a circuit. In addition to new science vocabulary words, Galvani and Volta's work helped other scientists as they learned about circuits and current electricity. Current electricity is the electrical energy that flows through an unbroken path or circuit.
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| Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer |
5 As a result of the work of German scientist Georg Ohm in the mid 1800s, we have our most important scientific law about electricity. Ohm proved that the flow of electrical current through wire depended on the wire's resistance. The flow of electricity can be changed based on the length or the thickness of the wire. When you have a thick wire, the electrical energy has a wider pathway in which to travel. If the wire is thin, the passageway is narrow, and the electrical energy will be slowed down as it travels due to friction. An ohm is a unit used to measure a material's resistance to the flow of electricity. "Ohm's Law" states that the electromotive force or pressure in a circuit (measured in volts) equals the current (measured in amps) multiplied by the resistance (measured on ohms). An electrical circuit has three main parts: the source of the electricity (i.e., battery), a "load" or electronic device (i.e., lamp), and conductors to carry the electricity (i.e., wires).
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| Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer |
7 As you can see, Franklin, Galvani, Volta, Ampere, and Ohm were important players in the game of learning about electricity. Without all of their hard work, we would be plugging in frog legs instead of electrical plugs.
Copyright © 2011 edHelper
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POST TEST
· What is electricity?
· What is the difference between static electricity and current electricity?
· What is an atom?
· How does electricity move through a circuit?
· What is the difference between an insulator and a conductor?
· What is the difference between an open circuit and a closed circuit?
· What is static electricity?
· What is magnetism?
· How is earth like a magnet?
· How are electricity and magnetism related?
· What is an electromagnet?
· What are electric motors?
· How does an electric motor work?
· What’s the difference between alternative current and direct current?
Does the number of coils affect magnetic force?
Producing and Supplying Electricity: Garden of Amps
Ohm in the Circuit
Ohm in the Circuit
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Ohm in the Circuit
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