8th Grade Unit#2 -Electricity

Electrical Circuits - 8th Grade Unit#2

Indicators and Objectives for this Unit

5. 6. C. Electricity and Magnetism
2. Cite evidence supporting that electrical energy can be produced from a variety of energy sources and can itself be
transformed into almost any other form of energy.
a. identify various energy sources and the energy transforming devices used to produce electrical energy
* Wind (generators, wind mills)
* Sun (solar cells)
* Water (turbines)
* Fossil fuels (engines)
b. Cite examples that demonstrate the transformation of electrical energy into other forms of energy.
c. Investigate and describe that some materials allow the quick, convenient, and safe transfer of electricity
(conductors), while others prevent the transfer of electricity (insulators).
d. Identify and describe the energy transformations in simple electric circuits.
3. Identify and describe magnetic fields and their relationship to electric current.
a. Investigate and describe the magnetic fields surrounding various types of magnets using materials, such as iron filings and small compasses.
* A single bar magnet
* Two bar magnets with like poles facing
* Two bar magnets with opposite poles facing
* A horseshoe magnet
b. Explain ways to change the strength of a simple electromagnet by varying the number of coils wrapped, the amount of electricity in the wire, the number of batteries used, and whether or not an iron core is used.
c. Describe how the electromagnet demonstrates the relationship of magnetism and electricity and identify common devices that demonstrate application of this relationship.
* Electric motors (fans, hair dryers, can openers)
* Electrical generators (turbine)
d. Describe that electricity moving through a wire produces a magnetic force on materials placed near the wire.
* Iron filings
* Compasses

1st Big Assignment+ Please look up these

Vocabulary Words to look up and put in your journal

Electricity
Electric current
Atom
Electron
Proton
Neutron
Charge
Voltage
Electric circuit
Insulator
Conductor
Magnet
Electromagnet
Alternative current
Direct current
Electromagnetic induction

PRE TEST

Resources- Renewable or Nonrenewable?

1. Resources that can be replaced quickly are called:
  Renewable
  Nonrenewable
  Depleted

2. Give two examples of renewable natural resources.

3. Scientists predict the sun will give us energy for at least how much longer?
  Five million years
  Fifty billion years
  Five billion years

4. Resources that exist in small amounts and cannot be replaced quickly are called:
  Nonrenewable
  Extinct
  Renewable

5. Give two examples of nonrenewable resources.

6. Coal and oil are being replaced faster than they can be used.
  False
  True

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

What Is Electricity?

1.
You have to know about ______ to understand what electricity is.
  Lightning
  Money
  Atoms
  Wires

2.
______ have a negative electrical charge.
  Protons
  Electrons
  Neutrons
  All of the above

3.
Electricity can be made by ______.
  Falling water
  Burning fuel
  Wind
  All of the above

4.
Electricity is created when______.

5.
How is electricity brought to our homes?

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

Electrical Circuits

1.	Electricity is ______. Negatively charged A stream of electrons Made when electrons move from atom to atom All of the above

2.	Electrons flow on a path called ______.

3.	People use electrical circuits to ______. Control where electricity flows and when it is flowing Control how much electricity is made Make electrons jump to positively charged atoms All of the above

4.	When a switch in an electrical circuit is turned off, ______.

Electric Current

1.	Electric current can move in a path called ______. Static A circuit A charge Electricity

2.	What does a switch do to a circuit?

3.	Electricity is ______. When electric charges move in a circuit Another name for electric current Both A and B Neither A nor B

4.	To have a current, electrical charges must be ______. Static Flowing Repelling Positive

Please read this article and complete the work below in your journal

What Is Electricity?
By Brandi Waters

¹ Electricity is a big part of our lives. It powers our lights. It can heat and cool our homes. It can make our televisions and computers work. It can even power our cars! We all use electricity every day, but what is it?
² First, you have to know about atoms. All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are very small. They are so small that you cannot see them without a special microscope. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and electrons both have an electrical charge. Protons have a positive charge. Electrons have a negative charge. Neutrons do not have a positive or a negative charge. Most atoms have the same number of protons and electrons. Protons and neutrons form the nucleus of the atom. The nucleus is at the center of an atom. Electrons circle around the nucleus like the planets orbit the sun.

Please copy this main idea and details graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there

³ Scientists have learned that electrons can move from one atom to another. This creates electricity. You can see electricity in many forms. Lightning is a form of electricity. When you pull a sweater over your hair or rub your feet on the carpet you create static electricity. Electricity can also be made by man. This is how we get electricity to use at our houses. There are many ways that it can be made. It can be made using energy from water flowing down at a dam. It can be made by using the power of the wind. It can also be made by burning fuel. After electricity has been made, it can be moved to other places. A wire is a way of moving electricity. Electrons move from atom to atom along the wire. This creates a current of electricity. Wires run from electrical power plants to homes, schools, and businesses. The wires carry electricity to power our lights and many of our electronic devices.
Copyright © 2011 edHelper

Please copy this main idea and details graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there

Assignment=Explain in your journal what you think a GOOD title for the last paragraph of the reading could be and why?

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

What Is Electricity?

1.	You have to know about ______ to understand what electricity is. Lightning Money Atoms Wires

2.	______ have a negative electrical charge. Protons Electrons Neutrons All of the above

3.	Electricity can be made by ______. Falling water Burning fuel Wind All of the above

4.	Electricity is created when______.

5.	How is electricity brought to our homes?

Date ___________________

Complete each sentence using the words in the word list.

Electricity	Electron	Magnet	Atom
Insulator	Proton	Charge

_______________	1.	The movie was delayed for 30 minutes when the ____ went out.
_______________	2.	The old farmer used a windmill to make ____ for his house.
_______________	3.	____ is transmitted from the battery to the engine through cables.
_______________	4.	Electrons are found outside the nucleus in the ____ cloud.
_______________	5.	The part of an atom that has a positive electric charge is the ____.
_______________	6.	An insulator is a material through which ____ connot travel.
_______________	7.	The neutron is the heaviest particle in the ____.
_______________	8.	The ____ attracted all the pins within its magnetic field.
_______________	9.	For ____ to flow, there must be a complete circuit.
_______________	10.	When an ____ bomb is exploded, there will be radioactive fallout.
_______________	11.	When two hydrogen atoms shared their electrons with an oxygen ____, they form the covalently bonded compound water.
_______________	12.	The ____ of the crowd sparked the basketball players and encourage them to be successful.
_______________	13.	The ____ of a proton is equal to that of an electron.
_______________	14.	Rubber is a good ____.
_______________	15.	The neutron is in the nucleus of the ____.
_______________	16.	The charge of a ____ is equal to that of an electron.

What Is Electricity?In your journal, Please Draw a picture of an atom with six protons, six neutrons, and six electrons. You have just drawn a picture of a carbon atom! Label a proton, a neutron, an electron, and the nucleus of the atom.

What Is Electricity?In your journal, List as many reasons as you can think of using coal is a bad way of making electricity. Most of the electricity made in the United States comes from burning fuels, such as coal. Why do you think that people do not like this method of making electricity? List as many reasons as you can think of.

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

_____________________________

Date ___________________

Complete each sentence.

_______________	1.	Scientist uses atomic mass units to find the (Direct Current, proton, Alternative current) of a mass.
_______________	2.	Heat and friction can force some electrons to leave one (atom, Insulator, Electric current) and move to another.
_______________	3.	The force of the (Electromagnet induction, magnet, Electron) caused the paperclip to stick.
_______________	4.	(Neutron, Electron, Electricity) bills show how many killowatt-hours a house has used.
_______________	5.	An insulator is a material through which (Insulator, Magnet, electricity) connot travel.
_______________	6.	Water in a dam turns the turbines that causes the production of (Magnet, electricity, Atom) .
_______________	7.	There are power lines above our house to control the (electricity, Alternative current, induction) .
_______________	8.	A negatively charged rubber rod can pick up tiny pieces of paper by (Conductor, induction, Proton) .
_______________	9.	An (Conductor, insulator, Electricity) is used to surround an electric wire.
_______________	10.	A (Alternative current, Neutron, electron) has a negative electric charge.
_______________	11.	An (Conductor, electron, Electromagnet) has a negative electrical charge.
_______________	12.	Induced magnetism occurs when an object like, a nail is stuck to a (magnet, Voltage, Electric current) ..

Please copy this "cloze" assignment in your journal and complete it there

What Is Electricity?
By Brandi Waters

schools	both	over	work
another	move	moving	after
matter	charge	moved	electrical
negative	along	fuel	electronic
current

Directions: Fill in each blank with the word that best completes the reading comprehension.

     Electricity is a big part of our lives. It powers our lights. It can heat and cool our homes. It can make our televisions and computers (1)  _______________________  . It can even power our cars! We all use electricity every day, but what is it?
     First, you have to know about atoms. All (2)  _______________________   is made of atoms. Atoms are very small. They are so small that you cannot see them without a special microscope. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and electrons (3)  _______________________   have an electrical charge. Protons have a positive charge. Electrons have a (4)  _______________________   (5)  _______________________  . Neutrons do not have a positive or a negative charge. Most atoms have the same number of protons and electrons. Protons and neutrons form the nucleus of the atom. The nucleus is at the center of an atom. Electrons circle around the nucleus like the planets orbit the sun.
     Scientists have learned that electrons can move from one atom to (6)  _______________________  . This creates electricity. You can see electricity in many forms. Lightning is a form of electricity. When you pull a sweater (7)  _______________________   your hair or rub your feet on the carpet you create static electricity. Electricity can also be made by man. This is how we get electricity to use at our houses. There are many ways that it can be made. It can be made using energy from water flowing down at a dam. It can be made by using the power of the wind. It can also be made by burning (8)  _______________________  . (9)  _______________________   electricity has been made, it can be(10)  _______________________   to other places. A wire is a way of (11)  _______________________   electricity. Electrons(12)  _______________________   from atom to atom (13)  _______________________   the wire. This creates a(14)  _______________________   of electricity. Wires run from (15)  _______________________   power plants to homes,(16)  _______________________  , and businesses. The wires carry electricity to power our lights and many of our(17)  _______________________   devices.

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

What Is Electricity?

1.	You have to know about ______ to understand what electricity is. Wires Lightning Atoms Money

2.	______ have a negative electrical charge. Protons Electrons Neutrons All of the above

3.	Electricity can be made by ______. Falling water Burning fuel Wind All of the above

4.	Electricity is created when______.

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

_____________________________

Date ___________________

Complete each sentence using the words in the word list.

Electromagnet	Insulator	Neutron	Atom
Electricity	Electron	Magnet

_______________	17.	An ____ that emits alpha particles loses protons and neurons.
_______________	18.	Turn off the current and the ____ will release the steel ball.
_______________	19.	An ____ with a negative charge will discharge its extra electrons and become neutral.
_______________	20.	My hair was full of static ____ after I brushed it .
_______________	21.	An ____ will only work if electricity is moving through the coils of wire.
_______________	22.	The elements had to exchange a ____ to be balanced.
_______________	23.	The ____ transport chain carries ATP to help produce glucose and oxygen.
_______________	24.	Atoms are so small that if you took a tiny piece of dust and cut it into a million pieces it would still be bigger than an ____.
_______________	25.	During a discharge, static ____ is changed to current electricity.
_______________	26.	The force of the ____ caused the paperclip to stick.
_______________	27.	An MRI machine uses an ____.
_______________	28.	An ____ uses electric current and creates motors.
_______________	29.	Plastic is a good ____ because it does not conduct an electric current.
_______________	30.	The force of the ____ allowed us to pick up metal objects.

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

_____________________________

Date ___________________

Complete each sentence using the words in the word list.

Electromagnet	Insulator	Electron	Magnet
Electricity	induction	Neutron	Atom

_______________	31.	Protons and electrons orbit around the nucleus of an ____.
_______________	32.	The ____ around the door stopped the cold air from entering the house.
_______________	33.	The two particles that make up the nucleus of an atom are the proton and the ____.
_______________	34.	In the colonial days, a turbine was used to generate ____.
_______________	35.	A ____ has a negative electrical charge.
_______________	36.	An ____ has a negative electrical charge.
_______________	37.	The rent is $300 plus ____.
_______________	38.	Water is a compound made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen ____.
_______________	39.	If you put iron filings on glass above a ____ you can see the magnetic field.
_______________	40.	Electrons, protons and neutrons are all part of the ____.
_______________	41.	A generator changes mechanical or heat energy into ____.
_______________	42.	The paper clip moved across the desk because of the force of the large ____.
_______________	43.	Scientists use ____ microscopes to study microbes.
_______________	44.	A negatively charged rubber rod can pick up tiny pieces of paper by ____.
_______________	45.	An ____ is a temporary magnet.

Electrical Circuits
By Brandi Waters

¹ You have already learned about electricity. You know that electricity is a stream of electrons moving from atom to atom. Electrons have a negative charge. They move toward atoms with a positive charge. When electrons move, electricity is made.

^{Assignment=Explain in your journal what you think a GOOD title for the last paragraph of the reading could be and why?}

² Electrons cannot jump across a distance. There must be a path for electrons to follow. The path must be a series of atoms that can accept an electron. We call this path a circuit. People have learned how to build and manipulate circuits to move electricity. We use circuits to bring electricity into our homes. We use circuits to move electricity through our computers, telephones, toys, and even our cars.

Please copy this main idea and details graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

_____________________________

Date ___________________

Complete each sentence.

_______________	13.	Member of the element family that has 1 valance (induction, Proton, electron) and are very reactive. They are soft, silvery - white and shiny
_______________	14.	Light energy is used to (Atom, charge, Neutron) solar panels.
_______________	15.	The charge of a proton is equal to that of an (Magnet, electron, Neutron) .
_______________	16.	A nuclear reactor uses radioactive fuel to create (electricity, Electromagnet, Conductor) .
_______________	17.	(Electric current, Electricity, Alternative current) is transmitted from the battery to the engine through cables.
_______________	18.	Atoms are so small that if you took a tiny piece of dust and cut it into a million pieces it would still be bigger than an (Direct Current, atom, Electricity) .
_______________	19.	An (Alternative current, electromagnet, Direct Current) will only work if electricity is moving through the coils of wire.
_______________	20.	We discovered that a tighter coil on a rivet will produce a stronger (Magnet, induction, electromagnet) .
_______________	21.	An electric wire needs an (insulator, Electromagnet, Voltage) wrapped around it.
_______________	22.	When Ms. Graves rubbed the balloon on Ariana's hair, the static (Electromagnet induction, Conductor, electricity) made Ariana's hair stand straight up.
_______________	23.	He used a (Insulator, magnet, Electric current) to pick up tiny pieces of iron.
_______________	24.	An (Conductor, electron, Charge) has a negative charge.

³ Every time you flip a light switch in your house, you are using a circuit. The light bulb glows when electrons are flowing through it. The light bulb only glows when the switch is on. This is because the circuit is complete when the switch is on. Wiring in your house forms a path for electricity to flow. The wires are attached to the light bulb. The wires are also connected to the switch on the wall. When the switch is turned off, there is a break in the circuit. When the circuit is broken, electricity cannot flow through the light bulb. When the switch is turned on, the switch forms a bridge that completes the circuit. Electrons can flow through the wires, through the switch, and through the light bulb. The light bulb glows and lights your room. Circuits help people control when and where electricity flows.
Copyright © 2011 edHelper

Please copy this main idea and details graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there

Assignment=Explain in your journal what you think a GOOD title for the last paragraph of the reading could be and why?

Electrical CircuitsPlease copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

1.	Electricity is ______. Negatively charged A stream of electrons Made when electrons move from atom to atom All of the above

2.	Electrons flow on a path called ______.

3.	People use electrical circuits to ______. Control where electricity flows and when it is flowing Control how much electricity is made Make electrons jump to positively charged atoms All of the above

4.	When a switch in an electrical circuit is turned off, ______.

5.	What is used to make the circuits, or paths that electricity can flow through, in our homes? Electrons Switches Light bulbs Wires

Please click this site below , hit enter, complete the electrical circuit reading and activity.

http://www.andythelwell.com/blobz/

NOW take 15 or more notes about what you learned from the reading and activity.

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

_____________________________

Date ___________________

Complete each sentence using the words in the word list.

Electromagnet	Insulator	Proton	Atom
Electricity	Electron	Charge

_______________	46.	Make a prediction of whether each item is a conductor or ____.
_______________	47.	The two particles that make up the nucleus of an ____ are the proton and the neutron.
_______________	48.	An atom that has lost or gained an ____ is called an ion.
_______________	49.	We need a ____ for the wire.
_______________	50.	A electron has a negative electrical ____.
_______________	51.	The ____ cloud is suspect.
_______________	52.	Ben was astonished to see ____ in action.
_______________	53.	The ____ transport chain phase separates the light reaction from the dark reaction as food is being made in plants.
_______________	54.	Scientists penetrated the secrets of the ____.
_______________	55.	The subatomic particles are smaller than the ____.
_______________	56.	Hybrid cars use a combination of ____ and gasoline to propel them.
_______________	57.	The shell of the atom is made by the movement of an ____.
_______________	58.	An ____ is formed when electricity is put through a coil of wire.
_______________	59.	When Ms. Graves rubbed the balloon on Ariana's hair, the static ____ made Ariana's hair stand straight up.
_______________	60.	The ____ has a positive electrical charge and resides in the nucleus.

Electrical CircuitsASSIGNMENT=In your journal,explain what a switch does in an electrical circuit. How does the circuit change when the switch is turned from on to off?

Electricity

magnetic field parallel circuit electric field

electromagnet fuse conductor

direct current voltage alternating current

insulator electricity kilowatt-hour

circuit lodestone ground

generator short circuit series circuit

resistor compass ampere

charge magnet static electricity

lightning rod

Matching

Assignment-In your journal. Match each definition with a word above

1. An electric current flowing only in one direction.

2. The amount of energy used when you consume one kilo-watt of power in one

hour.

3. A piece of metal that stands at the highest point of a building and is connected to

the Earth. The purpose of the piece of metal is to ground the large amount of

electrical energy in the event of a lightning strike.

4. A machine that produces electricity by changing energy of motion into electrical

energy.

5. An electrical connection that allows electrons to be carried away in the event of a

problem.

6. A unit used to measure current.

7. A magnet created when electric current flows through a coil of wire.

8. Energy formed by the motion of protons and electrons.

9. A measure of the amount of electricity in an atom that is determined by the extra

positive or negative particles that an atom has.

10. The area around charged particles where electric forces occur.

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

_____________________________

Date ___________________

Complete each sentence.

_______________	25.	A (charge, Magnet, Proton) is a burst of energy.
_______________	26.	The two particles that make up the nucleus of an atom are the proton and the (neutron, Magnet, Voltage) .
_______________	27.	The (Electricity, Alternative current, electron) cloud is suspect.
_______________	28.	Make a prediction of whether each item is a conductor or (Charge, insulator, Electromagnet induction) .
_______________	29.	We used a rivet as the core in our (Direct Current, electromagnet, Charge) .
_______________	30.	We need a (Magnet, Proton, insulator) for the wire.
_______________	31.	The two particles that make up the nucleus of an atom are the (Atom, proton, Electron) and the neutron.
_______________	32.	The (neutron, Insulator, Electricity) is the heaviest particle in the atom.
_______________	33.	A (Electromagnet induction, Conductor, proton) is a particle that does not travel out of the atom.
_______________	34.	The part of an atom that has a positive electric charge is the (Magnet, proton, Insulator) .
_______________	35.	Metal is a good conductor of (Electron, Atom, electricity) .
_______________	36.	An (atom, Charge, Direct Current) that has lost or gained an electron is called an ion.
_______________	37.	Solar energy can be converted to (Conductor, Alternative current, electricity) on both small and large scale.

Electrical CircuitsASSIGNMENT=We know that batteries make electricity for our flashlights and other devices. If you look closely at a battery, you will see that one end has a + on it and the other end has a - on it. Use what you have learned to draw a picture of how you would build a simple electrical circuit using a battery, wire, and a light bulb. Label the + and - ends on the battery and use arrows to show which way the electrons will flow. Remember, the circuit must be complete. Your circuit should follow a circular path.

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

Electrical Circuits
By Brandi Waters

bulb	negative	broken	build
move	moving	bring	positive
wall	series	across	electricity
people	accept	only	break
switch

Directions: Fill in each blank with the word that best completes the reading comprehension.

     You have already learned about electricity. You know that electricity is a stream of electrons(1)  _______________________   from atom to atom. Electrons have a (2)  _______________________   charge. They move toward atoms with a (3)  _______________________   charge. When electrons move, electricity is made.
     Electrons cannot jump (4)  _______________________   a distance. There must be a path for electrons to follow. The path must be a (5)  _______________________   of atoms that can (6)  _______________________   an electron. We call this path a circuit. (7)  _______________________   have learned how to (8)  _______________________   and manipulate circuits to move electricity. We use circuits to (9)  _______________________   electricity into our homes. We use circuits to(10)  _______________________   electricity through our computers, telephones, toys, and even our cars.
     Every time you flip a light switch in your house, you are using a circuit. The light bulb glows when electrons are flowing through it. The light bulb (11)  _______________________   glows when the switch is on. This is because the circuit is complete when the switch is on. Wiring in your house forms a path for (12)  _______________________   to flow. The wires are attached to the light bulb. The wires are also connected to the switch on the (13)  _______________________  . When the switch is turned off, there is a (14)  _______________________   in the circuit. When the circuit is (15)  _______________________  , electricity cannot flow through the light bulb. When the switch is turned on, the switch forms a bridge that completes the circuit. Electrons can flow through the wires, through the (16)  _______________________  , and through the light (17)  _______________________  . The light bulb glows and lights your room. Circuits help people control when and where electricity flows.

Multiple Choice

Please copy in your journal and Select the definition that most nearly defines the given word.

11. charge

A. A measure of the amount of electricity in an atom that is determined by the extra

positive or negative particles that an atom has.

B. A hard, black, naturally magnetic rock.

12. series circuit

A. A magnet created when electric current flows through a coil of wire.

B. An electric circuit that has only one path for the current.

13. circuit

A. The area around charged particles where electric forces occur.

B. A closed path along which electricity flows.

14. magnet

A. An object with two poles that attracts iron and steel.

B. The force that pushes electricity or a current. In most homes this force is 110 volts.

15. lodestone

A. A path that allows most of the current in an electric circuit to flow around or away

from the principal elements or devices in the circuit.

B. A hard, black, naturally magnetic rock.

16. direct current

A. The amount of energy used when you consume one kilo-watt of power in one hour.

B. An electric current flowing only in one direction.

17. alternating current

A. An electric current that reverses its direction of flow at regular intervals.

B. A unit used to measure current.

18. voltage

A. An electrical connection that allows electrons to be carried away in the event of a

problem.

B. The force that pushes electricity or a current. In most homes this force is 110 volts.

19. magnetic field

A. The space around a magnet where the force of the magnet can be felt.

B. This has a magnetized needle that is attracted to the earth's north magnetic pole.

20. static electricity

A. An electric circuit that has only one path for the current.

B. A charge that stays on an object instead of flowing in a current.

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

Electrical Circuits

1.	Electricity is ______. Negatively charged A stream of electrons Made when electrons move from atom to atom All of the above

2.	Electrons flow on a path called ______.

3.	People use electrical circuits to ______. Control where electricity flows and when it is flowing Control how much electricity is made Make electrons jump to positively charged atoms All of the above

4.	When a switch in an electrical circuit is turned off, ______.

PLEASE READ THIS ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING ASSIGNMENTS IN YOUR JOURNAL

Electric Current
By Cindy Grigg

¹ The electrical wires in your house make a path for the electricity to run through. Electricity is also called electric current. Electric current is a steady flow of electric charges moving from one place to another. Electric currents move in a path called a circuit. If the circuit is complete, or unbroken, then the electric current can be used to do something. For example, when you turn on a light switch in your house, you complete the circuit. Electric current can flow through the wires of the house to the light bulb. The light comes on. Turn the light switch off. The electric circuit is not complete any more. The switch opens a small gap to turn off the light. Electric current can no longer flow through the wires to the light bulb. A switch opens or closes the circuit. Electric current flows like water in a river bed.

Assignment=Explain in your journal what you think a GOOD title for the last paragraph of the reading could be and why?

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

_____________________________

Date ___________________

Electric Current

1.	Electric current can move in a path called ______. Static A charge Electricity A circuit

2.	What does a switch do to a circuit?

3.	Electricity is ______. When electric charges move in a circuit Another name for electric current Both A and B Neither A nor B

4.	To have a current, electrical charges must be ______. Positive Flowing Static Repelling

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

_____________________________

Date ___________________

Complete each sentence using the words in the word list.

Electromagnet	Electron	Proton
Electricity	Neutron	Atom

_______________	61.	Neutrons are found in the nucleus of an ____ and have no electric charge.
_______________	62.	An electron travels around the nucleus, or center, of an ____.
_______________	63.	When the ____ went off, we found ourselves in utter darkness.
_______________	64.	An ____ that has lost or gained an electron is called an ion.
_______________	65.	A telephone has an ____ in it.
_______________	66.	We used a rivet as the core in our ____.
_______________	67.	We use ____ everyday to run radios, computers and lights.
_______________	68.	A ____ has a positive electrical charge.
_______________	69.	Metal is a good conductor of ____.
_______________	70.	The ____ has no electric charge.
_______________	71.	The ____ circled the nucleus of the atom.
_______________	72.	You can make an ____ with wire, a battery, and a nail.
_______________	73.	An ____ has a negative charge.
_______________	74.	Scientist uses atomic mass units to find the ____ of a mass.
_______________	75.	There are power lines above our house to control the ____.
_______________	76.	____ bills show how many killowatt-hours a house has used.

Electric Current"Electric current flows like water in a river bed." Explain in your journal why this is a true statement.

Please click this site below , hit enter, click the 2nd of 5 pictures, complete the electrical conductors and insulators reading and activity.

http://www.andythelwell.com/blobz/

NOW take 15 or more notes about what you learned from the reading and activity.

Electric CurrentIn your journal, describe what happens when you turn on a light switch in your house. Draw a picture to illustrate your paragraph.

Please copy this "cloze" assignment in your journal and complete it there

Electric Current
By Cindy Grigg

river	make	circuit	path
turn	when	water	longer
flows	bulb	small	something
light	through	flow	another

Directions: Fill in each blank with the word that best completes the reading comprehension.

The electrical wires in your house (1) _______________________ a path for the electricity to run(2) _______________________ . Electricity is also called electric current. Electric current is a steady(3) _______________________ of electric charges moving from one place to(4) _______________________ . Electric currents move in a (5) _______________________ called acircuit. If the circuit is complete, or unbroken, then the electric current can be used to do(6) _______________________ . For example, (7) _______________________ you turn on a light switch in your house, you complete the circuit. Electric current can flow through the wires of the house to the light(8) _______________________ . The light comes on. Turn the (9) _______________________ switch off. The electric circuit is not complete any more. The switch opens a (10) _______________________ gap to (11) _______________________ off the light. Electric current can no (12) _______________________ flow through the wires to the light bulb. A switch opens or closes the (13) _______________________ . Electric current (14) _______________________ like(15) _______________________ in a (16) _______________________ bed.

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

__________________________

Date ___________________

Complete each sentence.

_______________	38.	A (Insulator, electron, Voltage) has a negative electrical charge.
_______________	39.	If a computer disk gets to close to a (magnet, Proton, Direct Current) it may delete you files.
_______________	40.	If you put iron filings on glass above a (magnet, Voltage, Neutron) you can see the magnetic field.
_______________	41.	If you split the nucleus of an (atom, Electromagnet, Magnet) , it will release energy.
_______________	42.	A good electrical (insulator, Electromagnet, Charge) is rubber.
_______________	43.	The (Voltage, Magnet, neutron) has a neutral charge.
_______________	44.	The paper clip moved across the desk because of the force of the large (magnet, Electricity, Electromagnet induction) .
_______________	45.	A (magnet, Alternative current, Atom) can be in the szhape of a bar, a ring or a horseshoe.
_______________	46.	Rubber is a good (Conductor, insulator, Electromagnet induction) .
_______________	47.	A (proton, Direct Current, Conductor) is a particle with a positive charge.
_______________	48.	A material that does not transfer charge easily is an (Neutron, insulator, Atom) .
_______________	49.	An (electromagnet, Magnet, Proton) is a temporary magnet.
_______________	50.	Styrofoam is a good (insulator, Atom, induction) .

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

Electric Current

1.	Electric current can move in a path called ______. Static A circuit A charge Electricity

2.	What does a switch do to a circuit?

3.	Electricity is ______. When electric charges move in a circuit Another name for electric current Both A and B Neither A nor B

4.	To have a current, electrical charges must be ______. Static Flowing Repelling Positive

Please click this site below , hit enter, click the 3rd of 5 pictures, complete the electrical switches reading and activity.

http://www.andythelwell.com/blobz/

NOW take 15 or more notes about what you learned from the reading and activity.

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

Review

21. The magnetic force is strongest at a magnet's poles.

A. True

B. False

22. An electromagnet is a temporary magnet.

A. True

B. False

23. What is the most dangerous part of electricity?

A. The charge

B. Electricity is not dangerous at all.

C. The current

D. The voltage

24. Thomas designs an electric circuit that has 2 batteries connected in series and 1 bulb.

If one of the batteries dies, the brightness of the bulb remains the same.

A. False

B. True

25. What does a switch use to make or break an electric current?

A. Resistors only

B. Conductors and insulators

C. Conductors and resistors

D. Insulators and resistors

26. What did Benjamin Franklin invent in 1752?

A. A kite

B. A key

C. Lightning

D. A lightning rod

27. Lodestone is a natural mineral that possesses magnetic properties.

A. False

B. True

28. What is the area around charged particles where electric forces occur?

A. A power field

B. An electromagnetic field

C. A magnetic field

D. An electric field

29. Emily can control the brightness of her living room lights by turning a knob. If Emily

dims the lights, the knob increases the resistance to the electric current.

A. True

B. False

30. What good insulator material is often used to coat electrical wires?

A. Plastic

B. Paper

C. Copper

D. Aluminum

Please click this site below , hit enter, click the 4th of 5 pictures, complete the changing circuits reading and activity.

http://www.andythelwell.com/blobz/

NOW take 15 or more notes about what you learned from the reading and activity.

Electricity - Circuit Construction

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/circuit-construction-kit-dc-virtual-lab

Electricity - ADV. circuit construction

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/circuit-construction-kit-ac-virtual-lab

Electricity- Signal Circuit

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/signal-circuit

Electricity - Adv-Resistance in a Wire

http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/resistance-in-a-wire/resistance-in-a-wire_en.html

Electricity - Ohms Law -Adv

http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/ohms-law/ohms-law_en.html

Electric Generator

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/generator

Faradays Law

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/faradays-law

Faradays Electromagnetic Lab

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/faraday

Electric Circuit

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/circuit-construction-kit-dc

Electricity -

Battery-Resistor Circuit

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/battery-resistor-circuit

Battery Voltage

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/battery-voltage

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

_____________________________

Date ___________________

Complete each sentence.

_______________	51.	The (Neutron, Electron, insulator) around the door stopped the cold air from entering the house.
_______________	52.	The (Neutron, Magnet, electron) travels in an orbit around the nucleus of an atom.
_______________	53.	The subatomic particles are smaller than the (Conductor, Alternative current, atom) .
_______________	54.	The atom receiving the (Electric current, electron, Proton) becomes negative in charge.
_______________	55.	Protons and electrons orbit around the nucleus of an (Electromagnet induction, atom, Electricity) .
_______________	56.	An MRI machine uses an (electromagnet, Insulator, Voltage) .
_______________	57.	THE (Electromagnet induction, ATOM, Alternative current) IS SMALLER THAN A CELL, OR A MOLECULE.
_______________	58.	The neutron is in the nucleus of the (induction, Electromagnet, atom) .
_______________	59.	The (neutron, Electricity, Electric current) has no electrical charge.
_______________	60.	The (charge, Electron, Direct Current) of a proton is equal to that of an electron.
_______________	61.	An (atom, Direct Current, Proton) that emits alpha particles loses protons and neurons.
_______________	62.	A telephone has an (Electric current, electromagnet, Atom) in it.
_______________	63.	A (Direct Current, proton, Neutron) has a positive charge.

ELECTROMAGNETISM

Producing and Supplying Electricity: Garden of Amps

¹ Most plants grow in pots or in gardens. However, some plants are made from steel and concrete. These plants, electrical power plants, are very important to the millions of people around the world who depend on electricity each day. The seeds for electricity production were planted during the 1800s. In 1819 a Danish scientist named Hans Christian Oersted discovered by accident that electricity and magnetism were connected. Oersted was demonstrating how electrical currents could produce heat when he noticed a strange sight. There was a compass on a nearby table, and when the wires were connected in his circuit to the power source, the needle on the compass swung around. When he disconnected the wires, the compass needle returned to its normal position pointing towards the magnetic north pole. Electricity had magnetic pull!

Please copy this graphic organizer in your journal and complete it therefrom the paragraph above

Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer

² In 1820, French scientist André Ampere proved that parallel wires carrying electric currents in the same direction in a circuit would attract each other like unlike poles on the ends of bar magnets. If the current flowed in opposite directions, the wires would repel each other. Ampere used his observations to make a cylindrical (circular) coil of wire that behaved like a magnet. Today we call cylindrical coils of wire solenoids.

Please copy this graphic organizer in your journal and complete it therefrom the paragraph above

Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer

Assignment= In your journal, explain what a solenoid is

³ In 1825, William Sturgeon, an English scientist discovered that you could increase the power of an electromagnet (combination of electricity and magnets) by placing a bar of soft iron inside a coil of wire. In 1831, American Joseph Henry made improvements to Sturgeon's electromagnet by insulating or wrapping the wires to help hold in the heat from the electrical current. This helped to increase the power of the electromagnet. During that same year, Henry helped to develop an electromagnet that was capable of lifting over a ton (2000 pounds).

Please copy this graphic organizer in your journal and complete it therefrom the paragraph above

Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer

⁴ The one scientist who had the greatest impact on future electricity production was Englishman Michael Faraday. Faraday used two bar magnets wrapped in electrical coils and sprinkled iron filings onto a piece of paper above the two electromagnets. After the iron filings formed around the electromagnets, Faraday stated that the lines of filings on the paper marked the real lines of electromagnetic force. He is the scientist who called the area around a magnet a magnetic field. The idea of fields is a very important concept in science today.

Assignment= In your journal, explain what a "magnetic field" is.

Please copy this graphic organizer in your journal and complete it therefrom the paragraph above

Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer

⁵ During the 1830s, Faraday experimented with creating electrical currents by using magnets. His experiment included two coils of wires lying next to each other. One coil of wire had an iron bar inside to make it a stronger magnet. When Faraday sent a current through the coil with the iron bar, he had hoped to create an electrical current in the second coil. What he really saw was a small burst of electricity in the second coil and the end of that experiment. He then realized that he needed to move the wire across the magnetic field to produce the current. Faraday tried the experiment again. He moved the iron bar in and out of the coil and moved the loop of wire across the magnetic field. Each time Faraday did this, he caused an electric current to be induced or made in the second coil. Faraday proved that the movement of magnets and wires within a magnetic field produced electricity. Thus, Faraday planted the ultimate seed, the theory of electromagnetic induction. This meant that electricity could be produced, possibly in large quantities. Around this time Joseph Henry also made the same discovery.

Please copy this graphic organizer in your journal and complete it therefrom the paragraph above

Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer

⁶ So how does all of the hard work of these scientists help us today? Each scientist's piece of the electromagnetic puzzle helped to form the theory of electromagnetic induction. Oersted, Ampere, Sturgeon, Henry, and Faraday learned from the experiments of the scientists before them, and they used that knowledge to help build the parts of an extraordinary scientific theory. Today the generators in the world's power plants are built using this theory to generate electricity.

Please copy this graphic organizer in your journal and complete it therefrom the paragraph above

Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer

⁷ Generators are large machines built with turbines (cylinders) that have magnets which spin between coils of wires. The stronger the magnet, the faster it turns, and the more coils the machine has, the stronger the voltage or power that is created. Generators produce over 99% of our electricity. There are two types of generators. Alternators (AC) send alternating current that switches directions. As the magnets spin in the machine, they pass the wires going up on one side and down on the other side. The result is a current that changes direction. Alternators, which are the simplest form of generator, are found mostly in houses. Dynamos (DC) send direct currents in the same direction. The magnets in these machines only pass the wires in one direction on each side. Household batteries give direct electrical current.

Assignment= In your journal, explain what a "dynamo" is.

Please copy this graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there from the paragraph above

Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer

⁸ Generators can be powered by different types of fuel. Hydroelectric power plants use moving water to turn the turbines (spinning machines) in the generators to spin the magnets around. The Aswan Dam (Egypt, Africa), the Three Gorges Dam (China), Niagara Falls (New York, U.S.A.), the Hoover Dam (Nevada-Arizona Border, U.S.A.) are the world's most famous hydroelectric power plants. Other types of power plants are geoelectric (coal and oil), geothermal (hot water from underground), solar thermal (heat from the sun), and nuclear (energy from atoms). In these power plants, the fuel produces the steam that makes the turbines turn and, therefore, spins the magnets to produce electricity. How does this electricity travel to our homes?
⁹ The answer is through power lines. Once the electricity is produced, it is transferred from the power plant or station through a series of cables or grid. When electricity is sent from the power station, it measures about 25,000 volts or more. As the electricity travels along the power lines, it passes through transformers. Transformers are like boxes that take in the electricity at a certain voltage on one side and increase or decrease the voltage as it passes through the other side. When the electricity leaves the power plant, the transformers increase the voltage (up to 400,000 volts) because less energy will be lost due to the resistance in the cables. As the electricity is transferred to homes and businesses, the voltage is increased or decreased. The voltages for businesses, factories, and homes are usually 110 to 240 volts and can vary in different countries.

Assignment=Please explain in your journal what a "transformer" is concerning electricity.

Please copy this SEQUENCE graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there from the paragraph above

Topic= How Does Electricity Travel To Our Homes?

First=

Next=

Last=

¹⁰ There are times, however, when the circuit from the power plant to our homes is broken. Widespread power outages or blackouts can occur when you have blown or exploded transformers or downed power lines. In 1965 a blown transformer caused a blackout in New York City. Hurricanes and tornadoes are notorious for causing power lines to fall down and, therefore, cause electricity to be lost in those areas.
¹¹ Our methods for producing electricity today come from the extraordinary work of scientists in the 1800s. Without their hard work and cultivation, the seeds for electromagnetism would never have been planted.

Copyright © 2011 edHelper

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

____________________________

Date ___________________

Complete each sentence using the words in the word list.

Electromagnet	Insulator	Proton	Charge
Electricity	Neutron	Magnet	Atom

_______________	77.	THE ____ IS SMALLER THAN A CELL, OR A MOLECULE.
_______________	78.	Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen ____ bond to form water.
_______________	79.	Water in a dam turns the turbines that causes the production of ____.
_______________	80.	The ____ has no electrical charge.
_______________	81.	Protons have a positive ____ and are in the nucleus of the atom.
_______________	82.	A crane with an ____ can pick up a car.
_______________	83.	The nail when rubbed my the ____ became induced.
_______________	84.	The class built an ____.
_______________	85.	The ____ we use is generated by huge power plants.
_______________	86.	The two particles that make up the nucleus of an atom are the ____ and the neutron.
_______________	87.	A small spark of static ____ shocked my cat when I brushed her coat.
_______________	88.	The source of ____ was the sun.
_______________	89.	A ____ has a positive charge.
_______________	90.	Gold is a good conductor of electricity and not an ____.
_______________	91.	The south pole of one ____ attracts the north pole of another magnet.
_______________	92.	The north pole of a ____ is attracted to the south pole of another magnet.

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

___________________________

Date ___________________

Producing and Supplying Electricity: Garden of Amps

1.	Solenoids are ____________. A network of wires Rectangular coils of wire A set of parallel wires Cylindrical coils of wire

2.	How did Hans Christian Oersted know that magnetism and electricity were connected?

3.	Dynamos are generators that send _________. Alternating current through wires Circular current through wires Direct current through wires None of the above

4.	André Ampere discovered that _______________. Cylindrical or coiled wires are similar to magnets Rectangular wires attract each other Parallel wires far apart are similar to magnets Parallel wires hung from a ceiling repel each other

5.	What is electromagnetic induction?

6.	How does the voltage of electricity change as it travels from the power plant to our homes?

7.	In 1825 William Sturgeon proved that you could increase the power of an electromagnet by ____________ . Placing an iron bar inside a coil of wire Covering the wires with cloth Attaching the wires to an iron bar Placing the wires far apart

8.	Electricity is produced only at hydroelectric power plants. False True

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

_____________________________

Date ___________________

Complete each sentence.

_______________	64.	The (Electric current, Charge, neutron) is in the nucleus of the atom.
_______________	65.	Turn off the current and the (Neutron, induction, magnet) will release the steel ball.
_______________	66.	A (proton, Electricity, Charge) has a positive electrical charge.
_______________	67.	An (electromagnet, Electromagnet induction, Conductor) uses electric current and creates motors.
_______________	68.	A small spark of static (Conductor, electricity, Electric current) shocked my cat when I brushed her coat.
_______________	69.	The electrical cooperative pooled their money in order to provide (Alternative current, electricity, Voltage) to the Nile River valley.
_______________	70.	During a discharge, static (electricity, Electron, Electric current) is changed to current electricity.
_______________	71.	Analyze how a windmill creates (Direct Current, Charge, electricity) .
_______________	72.	There are three basic types of (Proton, Charge, electron) microscopes.
_______________	73.	When the (Charge, Proton, electricity) went off, we found ourselves in utter darkness.
_______________	74.	Metal is a good medium through which to transmit (electricity, Direct Current, Charge) .
_______________	75.	An (Conductor, insulator, Voltage) on the outside of a wire stops the electricity and keeps you from getting shocked.

_____________________________

Date ___________________

Producing and Supplying Electricity: Garden of AmpsAssignment= In your journal, use what you have learned about electricity and research to write a "Did You Know" book about electricity. Make sure you include interesting facts about current and static electricity. See if you can find information about strange mysteries like St. Elmo's Fire and Ball Lightning

_____________________________

Date ___________________

Producing and Supplying Electricity: Garden of Amps
Assignment= In your journal, please write a report about how electricity is produced around the world. Explain why certain areas of the world use certain types of power plants to make electricity.

Please copy this "cloze"assignment in your journal and complete it there

Producing and Supplying Electricity: Garden of Amps

voltage	possibly	wrapping	voltages
theory	thermal	circular	compass
magnetism	thus	fuel	wrapped
blackouts	production	downed	cultivation
blackout	nuclear

Directions: Fill in each blank with the word that best completes the reading comprehension.

     Most plants grow in pots or in gardens. However, some plants are made from steel and concrete. These plants, electrical power plants, are very important to the millions of people around the world who depend on electricity each day. The seeds for electricity production were planted during the 1800s. In 1819 a Danish scientist named Hans Christian Oersted discovered by accident that electricity and(1)  _______________________   were connected. Oersted was demonstrating how electrical currents could produce heat when he noticed a strange sight. There was a compass on a nearby table, and when the wires were connected in his circuit to the power source, the needle on the compass swung around. When he disconnected the wires, the (2)  _______________________   needle returned to its normal position pointing towards the magnetic north pole. Electricity had magnetic pull!
     In 1820, French scientist André Ampere proved that parallel wires carrying electric currents in the same direction in a circuit would attract each other like unlike poles on the ends of bar magnets. If the current flowed in opposite directions, the wires would repel each other. Ampere used his observations to make a cylindrical ((3)  _______________________  ) coil of wire that behaved like a magnet. Today we call cylindrical coils of wire solenoids.
     In 1825, William Sturgeon, an English scientist discovered that you could increase the power of an electromagnet (combination of electricity and magnets) by placing a bar of soft iron inside a coil of wire. In 1831, American Joseph Henry made improvements to Sturgeon's electromagnet by insulating or (4)  _______________________   the wires to help hold in the heat from the electrical current. This helped to increase the power of the electromagnet. During that same year, Henry helped to develop an electromagnet that was capable of lifting over a ton (2000 pounds).
     The one scientist who had the greatest impact on future electricity (5)  _______________________   was Englishman Michael Faraday. Faraday used two bar magnets (6)  _______________________   in electrical coils and sprinkled iron filings onto a piece of paper above the two electromagnets. After the iron filings formed around the electromagnets, Faraday stated that the lines of filings on the paper marked the real lines of electromagnetic force. He is the scientist who called the area around a magnet a magnetic field. The idea of fields is a very important concept in science today.
     During the 1830s, Faraday experimented with creating electrical currents by using magnets. His experiment included two coils of wires lying next to each other. One coil of wire had an iron bar inside to make it a stronger magnet. When Faraday sent a current through the coil with the iron bar, he had hoped to create an electrical current in the second coil. What he really saw was a small burst of electricity in the second coil and the end of that experiment. He then realized that he needed to move the wire across the magnetic field to produce the current. Faraday tried the experiment again. He moved the iron bar in and out of the coil and moved the loop of wire across the magnetic field. Each time Faraday did this, he caused an electric current to be induced or made in the second coil. Faraday proved that the movement of magnets and wires within a magnetic field produced electricity. (7)  _______________________  , Faraday planted the ultimate seed, the theory of electromagnetic induction. This meant that electricity could be produced, (8)  _______________________   in large quantities. Around this time Joseph Henry also made the same discovery.
     So how does all of the hard work of these scientists help us today? Each scientist's piece of the electromagnetic puzzle helped to form the (9)  _______________________   of electromagnetic induction. Oersted, Ampere, Sturgeon, Henry, and Faraday learned from the experiments of the scientists before them, and they used that knowledge to help build the parts of an extraordinary scientific theory. Today the generators in the world's power plants are built using this theory to generate electricity.
     Generators are large machines built with turbines (cylinders) that have magnets which spin between coils of wires. The stronger the magnet, the faster it turns, and the more coils the machine has, the stronger the voltage or power that is created. Generators produce over 99% of our electricity. There are two types of generators. Alternators (AC) send alternating current that switches directions. As the magnets spin in the machine, they pass the wires going up on one side and down on the other side. The result is a current that changes direction. Alternators, which are the simplest form of generator, are found mostly in houses. Dynamos (DC) send direct currents in the same direction. The magnets in these machines only pass the wires in one direction on each side. Household batteries give direct electrical current.
     Generators can be powered by different types of fuel. Hydroelectric power plants use moving water to turn the turbines (spinning machines) in the generators to spin the magnets around. The Aswan Dam (Egypt, Africa), the Three Gorges Dam (China), Niagara Falls (New York, U.S.A.), the Hoover Dam (Nevada-Arizona Border, U.S.A.) are the world's most famous hydroelectric power plants. Other types of power plants are geoelectric (coal and oil), geothermal (hot water from underground), solar (10)  _______________________   (heat from the sun), and (11)  _______________________   (energy from atoms). In these power plants, the(12)  _______________________   produces the steam that makes the turbines turn and, therefore, spins the magnets to produce electricity. How does this electricity travel to our homes?
     The answer is through power lines. Once the electricity is produced, it is transferred from the power plant or station through a series of cables or grid. When electricity is sent from the power station, it measures about 25,000 volts or more. As the electricity travels along the power lines, it passes through transformers. Transformers are like boxes that take in the electricity at a certain voltage on one side and increase or decrease the(13)  _______________________   as it passes through the other side. When the electricity leaves the power plant, the transformers increase the voltage (up to 400,000 volts) because less energy will be lost due to the resistance in the cables. As the electricity is transferred to homes and businesses, the voltage is increased or decreased. The (14)  _______________________   for businesses, factories, and homes are usually 110 to 240 volts and can vary in different countries.
     There are times, however, when the circuit from the power plant to our homes is broken. Widespread power outages or (15)  _______________________   can occur when you have blown or exploded transformers or(16)  _______________________   power lines. In 1965 a blown transformer caused a (17)  _______________________   in New York City. Hurricanes and tornadoes are notorious for causing power lines to fall down and, therefore, cause electricity to be lost in those areas.
     Our methods for producing electricity today come from the extraordinary work of scientists in the 1800s. Without their hard work and (18)  _______________________  , the seeds for electromagnetism would never have been planted.

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

____________________________

Date ___________________

Complete each sentence.

_______________	76.	A (magnet, Charge, Electric current) has a positive pole and a negative pole.
_______________	77.	A generator changes mechanical or heat energy into (Electromagnet, electricity, Magnet) .
_______________	78.	Ben was astonished to see (electricity, Neutron, Direct Current) in action.
_______________	79.	In the colonial days, a turbine was used to generate (Proton, electricity, Insulator) .
_______________	80.	Electrons are found outside the nucleus in the (Electromagnet induction, electron, Direct Current) cloud.
_______________	81.	Copper is an excellent metal for conducting (electricity, Neutron, Direct Current) .
_______________	82.	A plastic picnic cooler is a good (induction, insulator, Electron) .
_______________	83.	Water is a compound made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen (atom, Electricity, Magnet) .
_______________	84.	Iron filings sprinkled over a (Electron, Electromagnet, magnet) form lines of force that show the strength and the direction of the magnet's force.
_______________	85.	The (Voltage, proton, Magnet) has a positive electrical charge and resides in the nucleus.
_______________	86.	The elements had to exchange a (neutron, Electromagnet, Atom) to be balanced.
_______________	87.	Neutrons are found in the nucleus of an (atom, Alternative current, Electron) and have no electric charge.

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

_____________________________

Date ___________________

Producing and Supplying Electricity: Garden of Amps

1.	Solenoids are ____________. A network of wires A set of parallel wires Cylindrical coils of wire Rectangular coils of wire

2.	How did Hans Christian Oersted know that magnetism and electricity were connected?

3.	Dynamos are generators that send _________. Alternating current through wires Circular current through wires Direct current through wires None of the above

4.	André Ampere discovered that _______________. Parallel wires far apart are similar to magnets Cylindrical or coiled wires are similar to magnets Rectangular wires attract each other Parallel wires hung from a ceiling repel each other

5.	What is electromagnetic induction?

6.	How does the voltage of electricity change as it travels from the power plant to our homes?

7.	In 1825 William Sturgeon proved that you could increase the power of an electromagnet by ____________ . Attaching the wires to an iron bar Covering the wires with cloth Placing the wires far apart Placing an iron bar inside a coil of wire

8.	Electricity is produced only at hydroelectric power plants. False True

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

___________________________

Date ___________________

Complete each sentence using the words in the word list.

Electricity

Neutron

Proton

Magnet

Atom

_______________

93.

The ____ has an atomic mass unit of 1.

_______________

94.

Copper is an excellent metal for conducting ____.

_______________

95.

Heat and friction can force some electrons to leave one ____ and move to another.

_______________

96.

A ____ is a particle that does not travel out of the atom.

_______________

97.

The ____ is the heaviest particle in the atom.

_______________

98.

Solar energy can be converted to ____ on both small and large scale.

_______________

99.

A ____ picks up things.

Please read this article and answer the following assignments in your journal

Resources- Renewable or Nonrenewable?
By Patti Hutchison

¹ Food, air, water, and shelter. People need these to survive. The Earth provides resources for all these things. Natural resources are materials found on the Earth. They include air, water, and land. They also include rocks, minerals, and soil. Even living things are natural resources. These are the building blocks of all the things we need to live.
² Some of Earth's resources can be cycled over and over. These are called renewable resources. Others can't be replaced quickly. These are called nonrenewable resources.

Please copy this graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there from the reading above about renewable resources

Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer

³ Renewable resources can be used and replaced over and over again. Using them will not reduce the supply that is available. Examples of renewable natural resources are fresh air, water, and soil. These materials are replaced by nature at a fairly fast rate.
⁴ Living things are renewable resources. People cut down trees to use for wood. They build and heat homes with it. If a tree is cut, another one can be planted in its place. In a few years, it will be as large as the one that was cut down. As it grows, it helps supply living things with oxygen, another important resource. Trees and other plants are examples of renewable resources.

Please copy this graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there from the reading above about nonrenewable resources

Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer

⁵ Animals are used for food by other living things. Animals can reproduce naturally. As long as some adults of the species survive, there will be offspring. Some people raise animals for food. Cattle and chickens can be replaced in a short period of time.
⁶ All living things are dependent on the sun. Plants use sunlight to produce food. They, in turn, provide food for other living things. The sun provides energy for almost all processes on Earth. Thankfully, sunlight is a renewable resource. Scientists predict that the sun will still be burning for at least another five billion years.

Please copy this graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there from the reading above about renewable resources

Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer

⁷ Have you been to a jewelry store lately? Did you put oil in your car today? Do you know anyone who burns coal to heat his home? If so, you have seen examples of nonrenewable resources. These substances exist in fixed amounts. They cannot be replaced quickly.

⁸ Diamonds are an example of a nonrenewable resource. These beautiful gems are worn and adored by many people. Do you know how diamonds are formed? Carbon must undergo tremendous pressure for millions of years. As you can see, they cannot be replaced quickly!

Please copy this graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there from the reading above about nonrenewable resources

Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer

⁹ Other examples of nonrenewable resources that are used for jewelry include copper, silver, and gold. These metals are mined underground. They are in limited supply. When the mines run out, there will be no more of these metals available naturally. ¹⁰ Coal and oil deposits beneath the Earth formed millions of years ago. These resources are the result of the decay of certain plants and animals. They are also examples of nonrenewable resources. They are being used up much faster than they can be replaced. Someday, the Earth will run out of these precious materials. ¹¹ Natural resources are necessary for life on Earth. Some cannot be replaced. We need to protect them. Reduce, reuse, and recycle!

Please copy this graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there from the reading above about nonrenewable resources

Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer

Name _____________________________

Date ___________________

Resources- Renewable or Nonrenewable?

1.	Resources that can be replaced quickly are called: Nonrenewable Depleted Renewable

2.	Give two examples of renewable natural resources.

3.	Scientists predict the sun will give us energy for at least how much longer? Fifty billion years Five billion years Five million years

4.	Resources that exist in small amounts and cannot be replaced quickly are called: Extinct Renewable Nonrenewable

5.	Give two examples of nonrenewable resources.

6.	Coal and oil are being replaced faster than they can be used. False True

Name _____________________________

Date ___________________

Resources- Renewable or Nonrenewable?Assignment= In your journal, explain what would happen to Earth if the sun burned out? Write a paragraph explaining your answer.

Name _____________________________

Date ___________________

Resources- Renewable or Nonrenewable?Assignment= In your journal, explain how can we protect our natural resources? Write a paragraph giving your ideas.

Resources- Renewable or Nonrenewable?
By Patti Hutchison

burns	example	reduce	copper
fairly	exist	nonrenewable	offspring
resource	soil	reproduce	resources
tremendous	provides	natural	burning
examples	decay	provide

Directions: Fill in each blank with the word that best completes the reading comprehension.

     Food, air, water, and shelter. People need these to survive. The Earth (1)  _______________________   resources for all these things. (2)  _______________________   resources are materials found on the Earth. They include air, water, and land. They also include rocks, minerals, and (3)  _______________________  . Even living things are natural resources. These are the building blocks of all the things we need to live.
     Some of Earth's resources can be cycled over and over. These are called renewable resources. Others can't be replaced quickly. These are called nonrenewable resources.
     Renewable resources can be used and replaced over and over again. Using them will not (4)  _______________________   the supply that is available. Examples of renewable natural resources are fresh air, water, and soil. These materials are replaced by nature at a (5)  _______________________   fast rate.
     Living things are renewable resources. People cut down trees to use for wood. They build and heat homes with it. If a tree is cut, another one can be planted in its place. In a few years, it will be as large as the one that was cut down. As it grows, it helps supply living things with oxygen, another important (6)  _______________________  . Trees and other plants are (7)  _______________________   of renewable resources.
     Animals are used for food by other living things. Animals can (8)  _______________________   naturally. As long as some adults of the species survive, there will be (9)  _______________________  . Some people raise animals for food. Cattle and chickens can be replaced in a short period of time.
     All living things are dependent on the sun. Plants use sunlight to produce food. They, in turn, (10)  _______________________   food for other living things. The sun provides energy for almost all processes on Earth. Thankfully, sunlight is a renewable resource. Scientists predict that the sun will still be (11)  _______________________   for at least another five billion years.
     Have you been to a jewelry store lately? Did you put oil in your car today? Do you know anyone who (12)  _______________________   coal to heat his home? If so, you have seen examples of (13)  _______________________   resources. These substances (14)  _______________________   in fixed amounts. They cannot be replaced quickly.
     Diamonds are an (15)  _______________________   of a nonrenewable resource. These beautiful gems are worn and adored by many people. Do you know how diamonds are formed? Carbon must undergo(16)  _______________________   pressure for millions of years. As you can see, they cannot be replaced quickly!
     Other examples of nonrenewable resources that are used for jewelry include (17)  _______________________  , silver, and gold. These metals are mined underground. They are in limited supply. When the mines run out, there will be no more of these metals available naturally.
     Coal and oil deposits beneath the Earth formed millions of years ago. These resources are the result of the (18)  _______________________   of certain plants and animals. They are also examples of nonrenewable resources. They are being used up much faster than they can be replaced. Someday, the Earth will run out of these precious materials.
     Natural (19)  _______________________   are necessary for life on Earth. Some cannot be replaced. We need to protect them. Reduce, reuse, and recycle!

_____________________________

Date ___________________

Resources- Renewable or Nonrenewable?

1.	Resources that can be replaced quickly are called: Renewable Nonrenewable Depleted

2.	Give two examples of renewable natural resources.

3.	Scientists predict the sun will give us energy for at least how much longer? Five million years Fifty billion years Five billion years

4.	Resources that exist in small amounts and cannot be replaced quickly are called: Nonrenewable Extinct Renewable

5.	Give two examples of nonrenewable resources.

6.	Coal and oil are being replaced faster than they can be used. False True

Energy Sources

Nonrenewable

Energy sources are of two types: nonrenewable and renewable. Energy sources are considered nonrenewable if they cannot be replenished (made again) in a short period of time. On the other hand, renewable energy sources such as solar and wind can be replenished naturally.

Nonrenewable Basics

The four nonrenewable energy sources used most often are:

Oil and petroleum products — including gasoline, diesel fuel, and propane
Natural gas
Coal
Uranium (nuclear energy)

Nonrenewable energy sources come out of the ground as liquids, gases, and solids. Crude oil (petroleum) is the only commercial nonrenewable fuel that is naturally in liquid form. Natural gas and propane are normally gases, and coal is a solid.

Fossil Fuels Are Nonrenewable, but Not All Nonrenewable Energy Sources Are Fossil Fuels

Coal, petroleum, natural gas, and propane are all considered fossil fuels because they were formed from the buried remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago.

Uranium ore, a solid, is mined and converted to a fuel used at nuclear power plants. Uranium is not a fossil fuel, but is a nonrenewable fuel.

Please copy this graphic organizer in your journal and complete it there from the reading above about nonrenewable resources

Main Idea and Details Graphic Organizer

Examples of another 5 Renewable Resources are:

Wind Energy: Generates electricity by using the wind.

Geothermal: Generates electricity from steam produced by water heated within the earth.

Hydrogen Energy: Use flowing water to generates electricity.

Bio Energy: Use biomass (plant materials, landfill or animal waste) to produce heat or electricity.

Ocean Energy:

Wave Energy: Produce electricity from the power of waves.

Tidal Energy: Traps water in dams to supply to hydropower generators.

Thermal energy conversion: Use solar-heated surface water to produce electricity.

POST TEST

Resources- Renewable or Nonrenewable?

1.	Resources that can be replaced quickly are called: Renewable Nonrenewable Depleted

2.	Give two examples of renewable natural resources.

3.	Scientists predict the sun will give us energy for at least how much longer? Five million years Fifty billion years Five billion years

4.	Resources that exist in small amounts and cannot be replaced quickly are called: Nonrenewable Extinct Renewable

5.	Give two examples of nonrenewable resources.

6.	Coal and oil are being replaced faster than they can be used. False True

Please copy this assignment in your journal and complete it there

Electrical Circuits

1.	Electricity is ______. Negatively charged A stream of electrons Made when electrons move from atom to atom All of the above

2.	Electrons flow on a path called ______.

3.	People use electrical circuits to ______. Control where electricity flows and when it is flowing Control how much electricity is made Make electrons jump to positively charged atoms All of the above

4.	When a switch in an electrical circuit is turned off, ______.

Producing and Supplying Electricity: Garden of Amps

1.	Solenoids are ____________. A network of wires A set of parallel wires Cylindrical coils of wire Rectangular coils of wire

2.	How did Hans Christian Oersted know that magnetism and electricity were connected?

3.	Dynamos are generators that send _________. Alternating current through wires Circular current through wires Direct current through wires None of the above

4.	André Ampere discovered that _______________. Parallel wires far apart are similar to magnets Cylindrical or coiled wires are similar to magnets Rectangular wires attract each other Parallel wires hung from a ceiling repel each other

5.	What is electromagnetic induction?

6.	How does the voltage of electricity change as it travels from the power plant to our homes?

7.	In 1825 William Sturgeon proved that you could increase the power of an electromagnet by ____________ . Attaching the wires to an iron bar Covering the wires with cloth Placing the wires far apart Placing an iron bar inside a coil of wire

8.	Electricity is produced only at hydroelectric power plants. False True

Electric Current

1.	Electric current can move in a path called ______. Static A circuit A charge Electricity

2.	What does a switch do to a circuit?

3.	Electricity is ______. When electric charges move in a circuit Another name for electric current Both A and B Neither A nor B

4.	To have a current, electrical charges must be ______. Static Flowing Repelling Positive

Bradford Science Center

Friday, August 19, 2011

8th Grade Unit#2 -Electricityd

8th Grade Unit#2 -Electricity

Battery-Resistor Circuit

Battery Voltage

Energy Sources

Nonrenewable

Nonrenewable Basics

Fossil Fuels Are Nonrenewable, but Not All Nonrenewable Energy Sources Are Fossil Fuels

Examples of another 5 Renewable Resources are:

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